DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Flexural/shear strength of RC beams with longitudinal FRP bars An analytical approach

  • Kosmidou, Parthena-Maria K. (Department of Civil Engineering, Scholl of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of Reinforced Concrete and Seismic Design of Structures) ;
  • Chalioris, Constantin E. (Department of Civil Engineering, Scholl of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of Reinforced Concrete and Seismic Design of Structures) ;
  • Karayannis, Chris G. (Department of Civil Engineering, Scholl of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of Reinforced Concrete and Seismic Design of Structures)
  • Received : 2018.06.19
  • Accepted : 2018.12.18
  • Published : 2018.12.25

Abstract

An analytical methodology for the calculation of the flexural and the shear capacity of concrete members with Fibre-Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) bars as tensional reinforcement is proposed. The flexural analysis is initially based on the design provisions of ACI 440.1R-15 which have properly been modified to develop general charts that simplify computations and provide hand calculations. The specially developed charts include non-dimensional variables and can easily be applied in sections with various geometrical properties, concrete grade and FRP properties. The proposed shear model combines three theoretical considerations to facilitate calculations. A unified flexural/shear approach is developed in flow chart which can be used to estimate the ultimate strength and the expected failure mode of a concrete beam reinforced with longitudinal FRP bars, with or without transverse reinforcement. The proposed methodology is verified using existing experimental data of 138 beams from the literature, and it predicts the load-bearing capacity and the failure mode with satisfactory accuracy.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdul-Salam, B., Farghaly, A.S. and Benmokrane, B. (2016), "Mechanisms of shear resistance of one-way concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars", Constr. Build. Mater., 127, 959-970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.015
  2. ACI Committee 440 (2015), Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP bars, ACI 440.1R-15, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
  3. Alam, M.S., Youssef, M.A. and Nehdi, M.L. (2010), "Exploratory investigation on mechanical anchors for connecting SMA bars to steel or FRP bars", Mater. Struct., 43(1), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-010-9601-0
  4. Ashour, A.F. (2006), "Flexural and shear capacities of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars", Constr. Build. Mater., 20(10), 1005-1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.023
  5. Barris, L., Torres, Ll., Turon, A., Baena, M. and Catalan, A. (2009), "An experimental study of the flexural behaviour of GFRP RC beams and comparison with prediction models", Compos. Struct., 91(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.05.005
  6. Bencardino, F., Condello, A. and Ombres, L. (2016), "Numerical and analytical modeling of concrete beams with steel, FRP and hybrid FRP-steel reinforcements", Compos. Struct., 140, 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.12.045
  7. Bouguerra, K., Ahmed, E.A., El-Gamal, S. and Benmokrane, B. (2011), "Testing of full-scale concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars", Constr. Build. Mater., 25, 3956-3965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.028
  8. Bousias, S.N., Triantafillou, T.C., Fardis, M.N., Spathis, L. and O' Regan, B.A. (2004), "Fiber-reinforced polymer retrofitting of rectangular reinforced concrete columns with or without corrosion", ACI Struct. J., 101(4), 512-520.
  9. Bui, L.V.H., Stitmannaithum, B. and Ueda, T. (2017), "Mechanical performances of concrete beams with hybrid usage of steel and FRP tension reinforcement", Comput. Concrete, 20(4), 391-407. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.20.4.391
  10. Canadian Standards Association (2012), Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibre-Reinforced Polymers, CSA S806-12, Rexdale, Toronto, Canada.
  11. Chalioris, C.E., Kosmidou, P.-M.K., Panagiotopoulos, T.A. and Karayannis, C.G. (2016), "Flexural and cracking behaviour of concrete beans reinforced with FRP bars", Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Concrete Repair-Concrete Solutions, Thessaloniki, Greece, June.
  12. CNR-DT 203 (2007), Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Structures Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, CNR-DT 203/2006, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
  13. El-Helou, R.G. and Aboutaha, R.S. (2015), "Analysis of rectangular hybrid steel-GFRP reinforced concrete beam columns", Comput. Concrete, 16(2), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.2.245
  14. El-Sayed, A.K. and Soudki, K. (2011), "Evaluation of shear design equations of concrete beams with FRP reinforcement", J. Compos. Constr., 15(1), 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000158
  15. El-Sayed, A.K., El-Salakawy, E.F. and Benmokrane, B. (2006), "Shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement", ACI Struct. J., 103(2), 235-242.
  16. Elgabbas, F., Ahmed, E.A. and Benmokrane, B. (2017), "Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with ribbed basalt-FRP bars under static loads", J. Compos. Constr., 21(3), 04016098. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000752
  17. European Committee for Standardization (2004), EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures-Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, CEN, Brussels, Belgium.
  18. Fang, H., Xu, X., Liu, W., Qi, Y., Bai, Y., Zhang, B. and Hui, D. (2016), "Flexural behavior of composite concrete slabs reinforced by FRP grid facesheets", Compos. Part B: Eng., 92, 46-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.02.029
  19. Fib bulletin 40 (2007), FRP Reinforcement in RC Structures, International Federation for Structural Concrete, Lausanne.
  20. Ghatefar, A., ElSalakawy, E. and Bassuoni, M.T. (2017), "A model for the restrained shrinkage behavior of concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with FRP bars", Comput. Concrete, 20(2), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2017.20.2.215
  21. Goldston, M.W., Remennikov, A. and Sheikh, M.N. (2016), "Experimental investigation of the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars under static and impact loading", Eng. Struct., 113, 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.044
  22. Goldston, M.W., Remennikov, A. and Sheikh, M.N. (2017), "Flexural behaviour of GFRP reinforced high strength and ultra high strength concrete beams", Constr. Build. Mater., 131, 606-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.094
  23. Ha, G.J., Cho, C.G., Kang, H.W. and Feo, L. (2013), "Seismic improvement of RC beam-column joints using hexagonal CFRP bars combined with CFRP sheets", Compos. Struct., 95, 464-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.022
  24. Johnson, D.T. and Sheikh, S.A. (2016), "Experimental investigation of glass fiber-reinforced polymer-reinforced normal-strength concrete beams", ACI Struct. J., 113(6), 1165-1174. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689017
  25. Ju, M., Park C. and Kim, Y. (2017), "Flexural behavior and a modified prediction of deflection of concrete beam reinforced with a ribbed GFRP bars", Comput. Concrete, 19(6), 631-639. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2017.19.6.631
  26. Kang, T.H.K. and Ary, M.I. (2012), "Shear-strengthening of reinforced & prestressed concrete beams using FRP: Part II - Experimental investigation", Int. J. Concrete Struct. Mater., 6(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-012-0005-0
  27. Kim, C.H. and Jang, H.S. (2014), "Concrete shear strength of normal and lightweight concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars", J. Compos. Constr., 18(2), 2-10.
  28. Konsta-Gdoutos, M. and Karayannis, C. (1998), "Flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars", Adv. Composite Let., 7(5), 133-137.
  29. Lau, D. and Pam, H.J. (2010), "Experimental study of hybrid FRP reinforced concrete beams", Eng. Struct., 32(12), 3857-3865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.08.028
  30. Lee, Y.H. and Kim, M.S. (2012), "Flexural behavior and deflection prediction of concrete beams reinforced with AFRP and CFRP bars", ACI Struct. J., 284, 1-26.
  31. Liang, J.F., Deng, Y., Hu, M. and Tang, D. (2017b), "Cyclic performance of concrete beams reinforced with CFRP prestressed prisms", Comput. Concrete, 19(3), 227-232. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2017.19.3.227
  32. Liang, J.F., Yu, D. and Yu, B. (2016), "Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with CFRP prestressed prisms", Comput. Concrete, 17(3), 295-304. https://doi.org/10.12989/CAC.2016.17.3.295
  33. Liang, J.F., Yu, D., Xie, S. and Li, J. (2017a), "Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with NSM CFRP prestressed prisms", Struct. Eng. Mech., 62(3), 291-295. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2017.62.3.291
  34. Mari, A., Bairan, J., Cladera, A., Oller, E. and Ribas, C. (2015), "Shear-flexural strength mechanical model for the design and assessment of reinforced concrete beams", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 11(11), 1399-1419. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2014.964735
  35. Mari, A., Cladera, A., Oller, E. and Bairan, J. (2014), "Shear design of FRP reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement", Compos. Part B: Eng., 57(2), 228-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.005
  36. Masmoudi, R., Theriault, M. and Benmokrane, B. (1998), "Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with deformed fiber reinforced plastic reinforcing rods", ACI Struct. J., 95(6), 665-675.
  37. Oller, E., Mari, A., Bairan, J. and Cladera, A. (2015), "Shear design of reinforced concrete beams with FRP longitudinal and transverse reinforcement", Compos. Part B: Eng., 74(1), 104-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.12.031
  38. Ovitigala, T., Ibrahim, M.A. and Issa, M.A. (2016), "Serviceability and ultimate load behavior of concrete beams reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer bars", ACI Struct. J., 113(4), 757-768.
  39. Qin, R., Zhou, A. and Lau, D. (2017), "Effect of reinforcement ratio on the flexural performance of hybrid FRP reinforced concrete beams", Compos. Part B: Eng., 108, 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.054
  40. Rafi, M.M., Nadjai, A., Ali, F. and Talamona, D. (2008), "Aspects of behaviour of CFRP reinforced concrete beams in bending", Constr. Build. Mater., 22(3), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.014
  41. Refai, A.E., Aded, F. and Al-Rahmani, A. (2015), "Structural performance and serviceability of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid (GFRP and steel) bars", Constr. Build. Mater., 96, 518-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.063
  42. Said, M., Adam, M.A., Mahmoud, A.A. and Shanour, A.S. (2016), "Experimental and analytical shear evaluation of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymers bars", Constr. Build. Mater., 102, 574-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.185
  43. Saikia, B., Kumar, P., Thomas, J., K.S. Nanjunda Rao and Ramaswamy, A. (2007), "Strength and serviceability performance of beams reinforced with GFRP bars in flexure" Constr. Build. Mater., 21, 1709-1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.021
  44. Shin, S., Seo, D. and Han, B. (2009), "Performance of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars", J. Asian Arch. Build. Eng., 8(1), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.8.197
  45. Shraideh, M.S. and Aboutaha, R.S. (2013), "Analysis of steel-GFRP reinforced concrete circular columns", Comput. Concrete, 11(4), 351-364. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.11.4.351
  46. Tan, K.H. (2002), "Strength enhancement of rectangular reinforced concrete columns using fiber-reinforced polymer", J. Compos. Constr., 6(3), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:3(175)
  47. Torres, L.l., Neocleous, K. and Pilakoutas, K. (2012), "Design procedure and simplified equations for the flexural capacity of concrete members reinforced with fibre-reinforced polymer bars", Struct. Concrete, 13(2), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201100045
  48. Toutanji, A.H. and Saafi, M. (2000), "Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars", ACI Struct. J., 97(5), 712-719.
  49. Tsonos, A.G. (2009), "Ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete: An innovative solution for strengthening old R/C structures and for improving the FRP strengthening method", WIT Tran. Eng. Sci., 64, 273-284.
  50. Tureyen, A.K. and Frosch, R.J. (2002), "Shear tests of FRPreinforced concrete beams without stirrups", ACI Struct. J., 99(4), 427-434.
  51. Vougioukas, E., Zeris, C.A. and Kotsovos, M.D. (2005), "Toward safe and efficient use of fiber-reinforced polymer for repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures", ACI Struct. J., 102(4), 525-534.
  52. Yost, J.R., Gross, S.P. and Dinehart, D.W. (2001), "Shear strength of normal strength concrete beams reinforced with deformed GFRP bars", J. Compos. Constr., 5(4), 268-275. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2001)5:4(268)
  53. Zadeh, H.J. and Nanni, A. (2013), "Reliability analysis of concrete beams internally reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer bars", ACI Struct. J., 110(6), 1023-1031.
  54. Zararis, P.D. and Papadakis, G.C. (2001), "Diagonal shear failure and size effect in RC beams without reinforcement", J. Struct. Eng., 127(7), 733-742. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:7(733)
  55. Zeris, C., Batis, G., Mouloudakis, V. and Marakis J. (2014), "Accelerated corrosion investigation of axially loaded reinforced concrete elements", Anti-Corros. Meth. Mater., 61(4), 215-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/ACMM-01-2013-1236
  56. Zhang, L., Sun, Y. and Xiong, W. (2015), "Experimental study on the flexural deflections of concrete beam reinforced with Basalt FRP bars", Mater. Struct., 48(10), 3279-3293. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0398-0

Cited by

  1. Numerical Analysis on Flexural Behavior of Steel Fiber-Reinforced LWAC Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars vol.9, pp.23, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235128
  2. Shear deformations based on variable angle truss model for concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars vol.79, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.79.3.337