FIG. 1. Schematic diagram and photograph of the developed TWAR lidar.
FIG. 2. Lidar and radiosonde temperature profiles measured at Yanqi Lake (40.41°N, 116.68°E) on (a) 8 November 2014 and (b) 13 November 2014. Error profiles show the statistical temperature uncertainty.
FIG. 3. Consecutive temperature profiles measured with TWAR lidar.
FIG. 4. (a) Profiles of water-vapor mixing ratio, measured with lidar (circles) and radiosondes launched at night (black curves) on 28 July 2014. 900 s of lidar data were integrated, beginning at the radiosonde’s launch. Lidar signals were moothed with a gliding average of 150 m. (b) Difference between lidar and local radiosonde measurements. (c) Relative error profile.
FIG. 5. Profiles of water-vapor mixing ratio, measured with lidar (black urves) and radiosonde (black dashs) for 9 and 10 November 2014.
FIG. 6. Continuous observation of water-vapor mixing ratio measured by lidar, between 11 November and 13 November.
FIG. 7. Profiles of range-corrected signal, aerosol extinction, water vapor mixing ratio and temperature taken at 19:30 and 20:00 on 28 July 2014.
FIG. 8. Profiles for aerosol backscattering coefficient and total aerosol relative error taken at 02:00 on 11 November 2014.
TABLE 1. Technical data
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