Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Response of a laterally loaded pile group due to cyclic loading in clay

  • Shi, Jiangwei (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Zhang, Yuting (Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, M.O.T.) ;
  • Chen, Long (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University) ;
  • Fu, Zhongzhi (Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Geotechical Engineering Department)
  • Received : 2017.08.01
  • Accepted : 2018.08.19
  • Published : 2018.12.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In offshore engineering, lateral cyclic loading may induce excessive lateral movement and bending strain in pile foundations. Previous studies mainly focused on deformation mechanisms of single piles due to lateral cyclic loading. In this paper, centrifuge model tests were conducted to investigate the response of a $2{\times}2$ pile group due to lateral cyclic loading in clay. After applying each loading-unloading cycle, the pile group cannot move back to its original location. It implies that residual movement and bending strain are induced in the pile group. This is because cyclic loading induces plastic deformation in the soil surrounding the piles. As the cyclic load increases from 62.5 to 375 kN, the ratio of the residual to the maximum pile head movements varies from 0.30 to 0.84. Moreover, the ratio of the residual to the maximum bending strains induced in the piles is in a range of 0.23 to 0.82. The bending strain induced in the front pile is up to 3.2 times as large as that in the rear pile. Thus, much more protection measures should be applied to the front piles to ensure the serviceability and safety of pile foundations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Central Universities, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

References

  1. Achmus, M., Kuo, Y.S. and Abdel-Rahman, K. (2008), "Behavior of monopile foundations under cyclic lateral load", Comput. Geotech., 36(5), 725-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.12.003
  2. Al-Tabbaa, A. (1987), "Permeability and stress-strain response of Speswhite Kaolin", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
  3. American Concrete Institute. (2001), Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures (ACI 224R-01), American Concrete Institute, Michigan, U.S.A.
  4. Asaoka, A. (1978), "Observational procedure of settlement prediction", Soil. Found., 18(4), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.18.4_87
  5. Bolton, M.D. and Stewart, D.I. (1994), "The effect on propped diaphragm walls of rising groundwater in stiff clay", Geotechnique, 44(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1994.44.1.111
  6. Brandenberg, S.J., Boulanger, R.W., Kutter, B.L. and Chang, D. (2005), "Behavior of pile foundation in laterally spreading ground during centrifuge tests", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(1), 1378-1391. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:11(1378)
  7. Giannakos, S., Gerolymos, N. and Gazetas, G. (2012), "Cyclic lateral response of piles in dry sand: Finite element modeling and validation", Comput. Geotech., 44, 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.03.013
  8. Gourvenec, S., Acosta-Matinez, H.E. and Randolph, M. F. (2009), "Experimental study of uplift resistance of shallow skirted foundations in clay under transient and sustained concentric loading", Geotechnique, 59(6), 525-537. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00108
  9. Haldar S. and Babu, G.L.S. (2010), "Failure mechanisms of pile foundations in liquefiable soil: Parametric study", Int. J. Geomech., 10(2), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2010)10:2(74)
  10. Hussien, M.N., Tobita, T., Iai, S. and Karray, M. (2014), "On the influence of vertical loads on the lateral response of pile foundation", Comput. Geotech., 55, 392-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.09.022
  11. Jaky, J. (1944), "The coefficient of earth pressure at rest", J. Soc. Hungarian Arch. Eng., 7, 355-358.
  12. Kim, Y. and Jeong, S. (2011), "Analysis of soil resistance on laterally loaded piles based on 3D soil-pile interaction", Comput. Geotech., 38(2), 248-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.12.001
  13. Kuo, Y.S., Achmus, M. and Abdel-Rahman, K. (2012), "Minimum embedded length of cyclic horizontally loaded monopoles", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(3), 357-363. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000602
  14. Lee, G.T.K. and Ng, C.W.W. (2005), "Effects of advancing open face tunneling on an existing loaded pile", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(2),193-201. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:2(193)
  15. Lim, S.S. and Liao, J.C. (1999), "Permanent strains of piles in sand due to cyclic lateral loads", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 125(9), 798-802. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:9(798)
  16. Liu, H.Y., Small, J.C., and Cater. J.P. and Williams, D.J. (2009), "Effects of tunnelling on existing support systems of perpendicularly crossing tunnels", Comput. Geotech., 36(5), 880-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.01.013
  17. Long, J.H. and Vanneste, G. (1994), "Effects of cyclic lateral loads on piles in sand", J. Geotech. Eng., 120(1), 224-244.
  18. Marshall, A.M. (2009), "Tunnelling in sand its effects on pipelines and piles", Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K.
  19. Memarpour, M.M., Kimiaei, M., Shayanfar, M. and Khanzadi, M. (2012), "Cyclic lateral response of pile foundations in offshore platforms", Comput. Geotech., 42, 180-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.12.007
  20. Ng, C.W.W., Van Laak, P., Tang, W.H., Li, X.S. and Zhang, L.M. (2001), "The Hong Kong geotechnical centrifuge", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering, Hong Kong, December.
  21. Ng, C.W.W., Van Laak, P.A., Zhang, L.M., Tang, W.H., Zong, G.H., Wang, Z.L., Xu, G.M. and Liu, S.H. (2002), "Development of a four-axis robotic manipulator for centrifuge modeling at HKUST", Proceedings of the International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, St. John's Newfoundland, Canada, July.
  22. Powrie, W. (1986), "The behaviour of diaphragm walls in clay", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
  23. Rahmani, A. and Pak, A. (2012), "Dynamic behavior of pile foundations under cyclic loading in liquefiable soils", Comput. Geotech., 40, 114-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.09.002
  24. Randolph, M.F. and Houlsby, G.T. (1984), "The limiting pressure on a circular pile loaded laterally in cohesive soil", Geotechnique, 34(4), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.4.613
  25. Rollins, K.M., Gerber, T.M., Lane, J.D. and Ashford, S.A. (2005a), "Lateral resistance of a full-scale pile group in liquefied sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(1), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(115)
  26. Rollins, K.M., Lane, J.D. and Gerber, T.M. (2005b), "Measured and computed lateral response of a pile group in sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(1), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(103)
  27. Rollins, K.M., Olsen, R.J., Egbert, J.J., Jensen, D.H., Olsen, K.G. and Garrett, B.H. (2006a), "Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behaviour: Load tests", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(10), 1262-1271. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:10(1262)
  28. Rollins, K.M., Olsen, R.J., Jensen, D.H., Garrett, B.H., Olsen, K.G. and Egbert, J.J. (2006b), "Pile spacing effects on lateral pile group behaviour: Analysis", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(10), 1272-1283. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:10(1272)
  29. Rosquoet, F., Thorel, L., Garnier, J. and Canepa, Y. (2007), "Lateral cyclic loading of sand-installed piles", Soil. Found., 47(5), 821-832. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.47.821
  30. Taylor, R.N. (1995), Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology, Blackie Academic and Professional, London, U.K.
  31. Wang, L.Z., Chen, K.X., Hong, Y. and Ng, C.W.W. (2015), "Effect of consolidation on responses of a single pile subjected to lateral soil movements", Can. Geotech. J., 52(6), 769-782 https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0157
  32. Weaver, T.J., Ashford, S.A. and Rollins, K.M. (2005), "Response of 0.6 m cast-in-steel-shell pile in liquefied soil under lateral loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(1), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(94)
  33. Zhang, C., White, D. and Randolph, M. (2011), "Centrifuge modeling of the cyclic lateral response of a rigid pile in soft clay", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(7), 717-729.
  34. Zhang, Y.T. and Ng, C.W.W. (2017), "Centrifuge modelling of single pile response due to lateral cyclic loading in kaolin clay", Mar. Georesour. Geotech., 35(7), 999-1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2016.1275894

Cited by

  1. Dynamic Behavior of Pile-Supported Structures with Batter Piles according to the Ground Slope through Centrifuge Model Tests vol.10, pp.16, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165600