Geosciences Journal

The Association of Korean Geoscience Societies (한국지질과학협의회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Accumulation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Lere Lake, Chad

  • Received : 2016.02.09
  • Accepted : 2016.07.11
  • Published : 2017.04.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Thirty surface sediment samples collected from Lere Lake were analyzed for As, Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn, Fe, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Organic Matter (OM) in order to assess the current pollution status in sediments of the study area. Sediment pollution assessment was carried out using Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geo-accumulation index ($I_{geo}$). The potential ecotoxic effects were evaluated based on sediment quality guidelines. The calculated enrichment factor showed that the sediment was mostly enriched with Sb, Cd, Cu, and Cr. The results of the geo-accumulation index indicated that sediments were unpolluted with Sn, Co, Pb; moderately polluted with As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, and strongly polluted with Sb. This pollution was attributed to anthropogenic activities caused by the sloping side of Lere Lake including consisting of mainly waste disposal, chemicals used in agriculture, and gold exploitation. Sites that exceeded TEL for Cr and Ni and PEL for Cr are ranked at the highest priority level in terms of potential ecological risk.

Keywords

References

  1. Acevedo-Figueroa, D., Jimenez, B.D., and Rodriguez-Sierra, C.J., 2006, Trace metals in sediments of two estuarine lagoons from Puerto Rico. Environmental Pollution, 141, 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.037
  2. Adeniyi, A.A., Owoade, O.J., Shotonwa, I.O., Okedeyi, O.O., Ajibade, A.A., Sallu, A.R, Olawore, M.A., and Ope, K.A., 2011, Monitoring metals pollution using water and sediments collected from Ebute Ogbo river catchments, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 5, 219-223.
  3. Ahmad, A.K. and Al-Mahaqeri, S.A., 2014, Assessment of abandoned mine impacts on concentrations and distribution of heavy metals in surface sediments of catchments around Sungai Lembing abandoned tin mine. Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, 5, 453-460.
  4. Ameh, E.G., 2014, Geochemical distribution of heavy metals in soil around Itakpe iron-ore mining area-a statistical approach. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 6, 118-126. https://doi.org/10.19026/rjees.6.5750
  5. Ben Bouih, H., Nassali, H., Leblans, M., and Srhiri, A., 2005, Contamination en metaux traces des sediments du lac Fouarat (Maroc). Afrique Science, 1, 109-125.
  6. Ben M'Barek, N., 1995, Impact des ouvrages sur l'equilibre de l'ecosysteme: Lac Ichkeul, Memoire de DEA, Universite de Tunis II, Tunis, 97 p.
  7. Berg, H., Kiibus, M., and Kautsky, N., 1995, Heavy metals in tropical lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 83, 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00477355
  8. Bugenyi, F.W.B., 1982, Copper pollution studies in Lakes George and Edward, Uganda: the distribution of Cu, Cd, and Fe in the water and sediments. Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical, 3, 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(82)90047-7
  9. Celis-Hernandez, O., Rosales-Hoz, L., and Carranza-Edwards, A. 2013, Heavy metal enrichment in surface sediments from the SW Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185, 8891-8907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3222-3
  10. Chevery, C. and Fromaget, M., 1970, Notice explicative de la carte pedologique de reconnaissance a 1/200000 de la republique du Tchad, 32 p.
  11. Citeau, L., 2004, Etude des colloides naturels presents dans les eaux gravitaires de sols contamines : relation entre nature des colloides et reactivite vis-a-vis des metaux (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu). These de l'Institut National d'Agronomie Paris Grignon, 236 p.
  12. Dalia, M.S., Salem, A., Khaled, A., Nemr, A.E., and El-Sikaily, A., 2014, Comprehensive risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments along the Egyptian Red Sea coast. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40, 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2014.11.004
  13. Duce, R.A., Hoffmann, G.L., and Zoller, W.H., 1975, Atmospheric trace metals at remote Northern and Southern hemisphere sites: pollution or natural? Science, 187, 59-61. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4171.59
  14. Ekengele, N.L., Jung, M.C., Ombolo, A., Ngatcha, N., Ekodeck, G., and Mbome, L., 2008, Metals pollution in freshly deposited sediments from river Mingoa, main tributary to the Municipal lake of Yaounde, Cameroon. Geosciences Journal, 12, 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0034-5
  15. Esen, E., Kucuksezgin, F., and Uluturhan, E., 2010, Assessment of trace metal pollution in surface sediments of Nemrut Bay, Aegean Sea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160, 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0692-9
  16. Forstner, U. and Wittmann, G.T.W., 1983, Metal Pollution in Aquatic Environment. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 486 p.
  17. Ghadimi, F., Ghomi, M., Ranjbar, M., and Hajati, A., 2013, Statistical analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Arak, Iran. Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, 4, 406-418.
  18. Ghani, S.A., Zokm, G.E., Shobier, A., Othman, T., and Shreadah, M., 2013, Metal pollution in surface sediments of Abu-Qir bay and Eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 39, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2013.03.001
  19. Goher, M.E., Farhat, H.I., Abdo, M.H., and Salem, G.S., 2014, Metal pollution assessment in the surface sediment of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 40, 213-224 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2014.09.004
  20. Ioannides, K., Stamoulis, K., Papachristodoulou, C., Tziamou, E., Markantonaki, C., and Tsodoulos, I., 2015, Distribution of heavy metals in sediment cores of Lake Pamvotis (Greece): a pollution and potential risk assessment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 4209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4209-4
  21. Jain, C.K., Singhal, D.C., and Sharma, M.K., 2005, Metal pollution assessment of sediment and water in the river Hindon, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 105, 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-3498-z
  22. Jilani, S., 2014, Status of metal pollution in the river and coastal areas of Karachi. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 22, 1288-1293.
  23. Kasser, M.Y., 1998, Evolution precambrienne de la region du Mayo Kebbi (Tchad). Un segment de la Chaine Panafricaine. Doctorat de $3^{eme}$ Cycle, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 217 p.
  24. Kwon, Y.T., Lee, C.W., and Ahn, B.Y., 2001, Sedimentation pattern and sediments bioavailability in a wastewater discharging area by sequential metal analysis. Microchemistry Journal, 68, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-265X(00)00140-5
  25. Li, P., Qian, H., Howard, K.W.F., and Wu, J., 2015, Heavy metal contamination of Yellow River alluvial sediments, northwest China. Environmental Earth Science, 73, 3403-3415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3628-4
  26. Liu, M., Yang, Y., Yun, X., Zhang, M., and Wang, J., 2015, Concentrations, distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural topsoil of the Three Gorges Dam region, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187, 147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4360-6
  27. Long, E.R., MacDonald, D.D., Smith, L., and Calder, F.D., 1995, Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Management, 19, 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472006
  28. Long, E.R. and MacDonald, D.D., 1998, Recommended uses of empirically derived sediment quality guidelines for marine and estuarine ecosystems. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 4, 1019-1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039891284956
  29. MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., and Berger, T.A., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39, 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010075
  30. Martinelli, I., 1999, Infiltration des eaux de ruissellement pluvial et transfert de polluants associes dans le sol urbain. Vers une approche globale et pluridisciplinaire. These de Doctorat, specialite Conception en batiment et techniques urbaines. Institut National des Sciences Appliquees de Lyon, 207 p.
  31. Mathieu, C. and Pietain, F., 2003, Analyse chimique des sols: methodes choisies. Lavoisier/Tec et Doc, Paris, 387 p.
  32. Mermut, A.R., Jain, J.C., Song, L., Kerrich, R., Kozak, L., and Jana, S., 1996, Trace element concentrations of select soils and fertilizers in Saskatchewan, Canada. Journal of Environmental Quality, 25, 845-853.
  33. Miguel, M.S.A., 2008, Contamination en Metaux Lourds des Eaux de Surface et des Sediments du Val de Milluni (Andes Boliviennes) par des Dechets Miniers. Approches Geochimique, Mineralogique et Hydrochimique. Ph.D. Thesis, Universite de Toulouse, Toulouse, 379 p.
  34. Mohiuddin, K.M., Zakir, H.M., Otomo, K., Sharmin, S., and Shikazono, N., 2010, Geochemical distribution of trace metal pollutants in water and sediments of downstream of an urban river. International Journal of Science and Technology, 7, 17-28.
  35. Muller, G., 1969, Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, 2, 109-118.
  36. Muller, G., 1981, Die Schwemetallbelastung der sediments des Nekkars und seiner Nebenflusse: eine Bestandsanfnahme. Chemical Zeitung, 105, 157-164.
  37. Mwamburi, J., 2003, Variations in the trace elements in bottom sediments of major rivers in the Lake Victoria's basin, Kenya. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, 8, 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2003.00212.x
  38. Nafea, E.M.A. and Zyada, M.A., 2015, Biomonitoring of heavy metals pollution in Lake Burullus, Northern Delta, Egypt. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2014.1764
  39. Nontanovanh, M., 2002, Influence du substratum geologique sur l'occupation du sol dans la region de Lere (sud-ouest du Tchad): implication sur la repartition des ressources agro-pastorales et minieres. Memoire de DEA, Aden Universite d'Orleans, Orleans, 94 p.
  40. Olatunde, K.A., Arowolo, T.A, Bada, B.S., Taiwo, A.M., and Ojekunle, Z.O., 2014, Distribution and enrichment of metals in sediments of the Ogun River within Abeokuta, south-western Nigeria. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 39, 17-22. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2014.882287
  41. Onyari, J.M. and Wandiga, S.O., 1989, Distribution of Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe and Mn in Lake Victoria sediments. East Africa Bulletin Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 42, 807-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01701619
  42. Oumar, B., Ekengele, N.L., and Balla, O.A.D., 2014, Evaluation du niveau de pollution par les metaux lourds des lacs Bini et Dang, Region de l'Adamaoua, Cameroun. Afrique Science, 10, 184-198.
  43. Pouclet, A., Vidal, M., Doumnang, J.C., Vicat, J.P., and Tchameni, R., 2006, Neoproterozoic crustal evolution in Southern Chad: Pan-African ocean basin closing, arc accretion and late- to post-orogenic granitic intrusion. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 44, 543-560 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.11.019
  44. Praveena, S.M., Aris, A.Z., and Radojevic, M., 2010, Heavy metals dynamics and source in intertidal mangrove sediment of Sabah Borneo Island. Environment Asia, 3, 79-83.
  45. Qingjie, G. and Jun, D., 2008, Calculating pollution indices by heavy metals in ecological geochemistry assessment and a case study in parks of Beijing. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 19, 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0705(08)60042-4
  46. Reimann, C. and de Caritat, P., 2005, Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources for elements in the environment: regional geochemical surveys versus enrichment factors. Science of the Total Environment, 337, 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.011
  47. Saad, M.A.H., 1985, Influence of Pollution on Lake Mariut, Egypt: Part III. Heavy metals. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. CIESM., 29, 145-152.
  48. Sherif, A.E.A., El-Kholy, M.M., and Salem, T.M., 2015, Risk assessment of trace elements toxicity through contaminated edible plants from polluted irrigation canal at Giza Governorate, Egypt. Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment, 6, 47-55.
  49. Taher, A.G., 2001, Geochemistry of recent marine sediments in the Bardawil lagoon, northern Sinai, Egypt. Hydrobiologia, 457, 15-16.
  50. Tijani, M.N. and Onodera S., 2009, Hydrogeochemical assessment of metals contamination in an urban drainage system: a case study of Osogbo township, SW-Nigeria. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 3, 164-173.
  51. Turner, A. and Millward, G.E., 2000, Particle dynamics and trace metal reactivity in estuarine plumes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 50, 761-774. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2000.0589
  52. Uwah, I.E., Dan, S.F., Etiuma, R.A., and Umoh, U.E., 2013, Evaluation of status of heavy metals pollution of sediments in Qua-Iboe River estuary and associated creeks, South-Eastern Nigeria. Environment and Pollution, 2, 110-122.
  53. Wedepohl, K.H., 1995, The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 1217-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2
  54. Yahaya, M.I., Jacob, A.G., Agbendeh, Z.M., Akpan, G.P., and Kwasara, A.A., 2012, Seasonal potential toxic metals contents of Yauri River bottom sediments: north-western Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 4, 212-221.
  55. Zhang, J. and Liu, C.L., 2002, Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-Weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54, 1051-1070. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.2001.0879
  56. Zheng, L.G., Liu, G.J., Kang, Y., and Yang, R.K., 2009, Some potential hazardous trace elements contamination and their ecological risk in sediments of western Chaohu Lake, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 166, 379-386.

Cited by

  1. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Lake Liuye and its adjacent waters, China vol.318, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6091-y
  2. Sediment distribution pattern and environmental implications of physico-chemical characteristics of the Akkulam-Veli Lake, South India vol.9, pp.8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1054-1
  3. Trace elements in water, sediment and commonly consumed fish from a fish farm (NE Zimbabwe) and risk assessments vol.2, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03291-z
  4. Spatial and seasonal variation of trace elements contamination in the sediments of a tropical lagoon ecosystem: the Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného complex (southern Togo) vol.80, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09390-3
  5. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of surface sediments in the urban lakes vol.28, pp.17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11831-8