DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Real-Time HIL Simulation of the Discontinuous Conduction Mode in Voltage Source PWM Power Converters

  • Futo, Andras (Dept. of Automation and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics) ;
  • Kokenyesi, Tamas (Dept. of Automation and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics) ;
  • Varjasi, Istvan (Dept. of Automation and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics) ;
  • Suto, Zoltan (Dept. of Automation and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics) ;
  • Vajk, Istvan (Dept. of Automation and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics) ;
  • Balogh, Attila (Dept. of Automation and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics) ;
  • Balazs, Gergely Gyorgy (eAircraft Division, Siemens Zrt)
  • 투고 : 2016.12.21
  • 심사 : 2017.06.28
  • 발행 : 2017.11.20

초록

Advances in FPGA technology have enabled fast real-time simulation of power converters, filters and loads. FPGA based HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) simulators have revolutionized control hardware and software development for power electronics. Common time step sizes in the order of 100ns are sufficient for simulating switching frequency current and voltage ripples. In order to keep the time step as small as possible, ideal switching function models are often used to simulate the phase legs. This often produces inferior results when simulating the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and disabled operational states. Therefore, the corresponding measurement and protection units cannot be tested properly. This paper describes a new solution for this problem utilizing a discrete-time PI controller. The PI controller simulates the proper DC and low frequency AC components of the phase leg voltage during disabled operation. It also retains the advantage of fast real-time execution of switch-based models when an accurate simulation of high frequency junction capacitor oscillations is not necessary.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. A. M. Gole, A. Keri, C. Nwankpa, E. W. Gunther, H. W. Dommel, I. Hassan, J. R. Marti, J. A. Martinez, K. G. Fehrle, L. Tang, M. F. McGranaghan, O. B. Nayak, P. F. Ribeiro, R. Iravani, and R. Lasseter, "Guidelines for modeling power electronics in electric power engineering applications," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 505-514, Jan. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.568278
  2. H. Jin, "Behavior-mode simulation of power electronic circuits," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 443-452, May 1997.
  3. T. Kokenyesi and I. Varjasi, "FPGA-based real-time simulation of renewable energy source power converters," Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 168-177, Jan. 2013.
  4. S. R. S. Raihan and N. A. Rahim, "Comparative analysis of three-phase AC-DC converters using HIL-simulation," Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 104-112, Jan. 2013. https://doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2013.13.1.104
  5. C. S. Edrington, O. Vodyakho, and B. A. Hacker, "Development of a unified research platform for plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle integration analysis utilizing the power hardware-in-the-loop concept," Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 471-478, Jul. 2011. https://doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2011.11.4.471
  6. J-H. Jung, "Real-time and power hardware-in-the-loop simulation of PEM fuel cell stack system," Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 202-210, Mar. 2011. https://doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2011.11.2.202
  7. T. Debreceni, P. Szabo, G. G. Balazs, and I. Varjasi, "FPGA-synthesizable electrical battery cell model for high performance real-time algorithms," Periodica Polytechnica. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 163-170, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPee.9260
  8. T. O. Bachir, J. P. David, C. Dufour, and J. Belanger, "Effective FPGA-based electric motor modeling with floating-point cores," in 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), pp. 829-834, Nov. 2010.
  9. Z. Suto, T. Debreceni, T. Kokenyesi, A. Futo, and I. Varjasi, "Matlab/simulink generated FPGA based real-time HIL simulator and DSP controller: A case study," in International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ), Vol. 1, No. 12, pp. 431-436, Apr. 2014.
  10. J.-H. Jeon, J.-Y. Kim, H.-M. Kim, S.-K. Kim, C. Cho, J.-M. Kim, J.-B. Ahn, and K.-Y. Nam, "Development of hardware in-the-loop simulation system for testing operation and control functions of microgrid," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 2919-2929, Dec. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2010.2078518
  11. C. Liu, P. Tian, Y. Wang, Q. Guo, X. Lin, and J. Wang, "A hardware-in-the-loop platform for modular multilevel converter simulations," Journal of Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 1698-1705, Sep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2016.16.5.1698
  12. J. Liu and V. Dinavahi, "Detailed magnetic equivalent circuit based real-time nonlinear power transformer model on FPGA for electromagnetic transient studies," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 1191-1202, Feb. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2015.2477487
  13. M. Matar and R. Iravani, "FPGA implementation of the power electronic converter model for real-time simulation of electromagnetic transients," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 852-860, Apr. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2033603
  14. G. G. Parma and V. Dinavahi, "Real-time digital hardware simulation of power electronics and drives," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 1235-1246, Apr. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.893620
  15. J. J. Rodriguez-Andina, M. D. Valdes-Pena, and M. J. Moure, "Advanced features and industrial applications of FPGAs-A Review," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 853-864, Aug. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2015.2431223
  16. J. C. G. Pimentel and H. Le-Huy, "Hardware emulation for real-time power system simulation," in IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), pp. 1560-1565, Jul. 2006.
  17. L. Yong, C. Tianqing, B. Fan, and C. Yulin, "Switching characteristics simulation of IGBT based on FPGA," in International Conference on Computational Problem- Solving (ICCP), pp. 386-391, Dec. 2010.
  18. A. Myaing and V. Dinavahi, "FPGA-based real-time emulation of power electronic systems with detailed representation of device characteristics," in IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Jul. 2011.
  19. G. G. Parma and V. Dinavahi, "Real-time digital hardware simulation of power electronics and drives," IEEE Trans. Power Del., Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 1235-1246, Apr. 2007 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.893620
  20. W. Wang, Z. Shen, and V. Dinavahi, "Physics-based device-level power electronic circuit hardware emulation on FPGA," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 2166-2179, Nov. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2014.2361656
  21. N. Krihely and S. Ben-Yaakov, "Modeling and evaluation of diode reverse recovery in discrete-transition simulators," in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 4514-4520, Sep. 2010.
  22. H. F. Blanchette, T. Ould-Bachir, and J. P. David, "A state-space modeling approach for the FPGA-based real-time simulation of high switching frequency power converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 59, No. 12, pp. 4555-4567, Dec. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2182021
  23. M. R. Larijani, M.-R. Zolghadri, and M. Shahbazi, "Design and implementation of an FPGA-based real-time simulator for H-bridge converter," in 7th Power Electronics and Drive Systems Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), pp. 504-510, Feb. 2016.
  24. C. Batard, F. Poitiers, C. Millet, and N. Ginot, "Simulation of power converters using matlab-simulink," in MATLAB - A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications, Vol. 1, pp. 43-68, Sep. 2012.
  25. T. Kokenyesi and I. Varjasi, "Comparison of real-time simulation methods for power electronic applications," in 4th International Youth conference on Energy (IYCE), pp. 1-5, Jun. 2013,
  26. R. Fedkiw, Ordinary Differential Equations, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Jul. 2017.
  27. R. J. LeVeque, Finite Difference Methods for Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), 2007.
  28. O. Jimenez, O. Lucia, I. Urriza, L. A. Barragan, D. Navarro, and V. Dinavahi, "Implementation of an FPGA-based online hardware-in-the-loop emulator using high-level synthesis tools for resonant power converters applied to induction heating appliances," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 2206-2214, Apr. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2360138
  29. T. Ould-Bachir, H. F. Blanchette, and K. Al-Haddad, "A network tearing technique for FPGA-based real-time simulation of power converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 3409-3418, Jun. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2365752
  30. A. Visioli, Practical PID control, 1st ed., Springer-Verlag, London, pp. 42-43, 2006.