Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회지)

Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer (한국토양비료학회)
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Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

  • Lee, Gyeong-Mi (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Sunhwa (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Ki-In (Horticultural Science Department, Mokpo National University) ;
  • Jeon, Sang-Ho (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Song, Dahee (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Deok-hyun (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Seung (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Yun, Seong-Taek (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University) ;
  • Chung, Hyen Mi (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Koo (National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • Received : 2017.08.11
  • Accepted : 2017.10.12
  • Published : 2017.10.31
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Abstract

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

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