Journal of Bio-Environment Control (생물환경조절학회지)

The Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control (한국생물환경조절학회)
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Changes in Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Reserves of 'Fuji'/M9 Apple trees in Response to Early Defoliation at Growing Period

생육기 조기낙엽에 따른 사과 '후지'/M9의 광합성과 탄수화물의 변화

  • Jeong, Jae Hoon (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Jeom Hwa (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Ryu, Suhyun (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Hyun Hee (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kwon, YongHee (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Do, Gyung-Ran (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Yim, Sun-Hee (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Han-Chan (Fruit Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 정재훈 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 한점화 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 류수현 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 한현희 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 권용희 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 도경란 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과) ;
  • 임순희 (국립원예특작과학원 배연구소) ;
  • 이한찬 (국립원예특작과학원 과수과)
  • Received : 2017.03.20
  • Accepted : 2017.08.07
  • Published : 2017.10.31
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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of early defoliation on photosynthesis and carbohydrate reserves when the source leaves of 'Fuji'/M9 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were removed during the growing period. Bud regrowth rates of 80%, 50% defoliation and non-defoliation treatments were significantly different 82.7%, 45.9% and 2.1% respectively at 30 days after treatment. In all treatments, sucrose and starch concentrations in remaining leaves decreased non-significantly during the 14-day period. No significant changes were observed for total soluble carbohydrates in non-defoliation and 50% defoliation. However, in 80% defoliated treatments, concentrations of sorbitol and total soluble carbohydrates in remaining leaves declined steadily during the 14-day period. It is thought that high sink strength increases the requirements of carbohydrate from remaining leaves more than non-defoliated. The concentrations of starch in the roots tend to decrease non-significantly as percentage of defoliation increased. Photosynthesis of remaining leaves was monitored during the 14-day period after partial defoliation treatments. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) and stomatal conductance were significantly enhanced in the 80% defoliation. The observed photosynthetic enhancement following partial defoliation may have been due to the enhancement of osmotic potential in leaves. These results were estimated that increasing of photosynthetic rate in the partial defoliation is due to the sink carbohydrate requirements for the current year's secondary growth of buds.

본 연구에서는 사과 '후지'/M9의 생육기간 중 조기낙엽 피해가 발생하였을 때 영향을 알아보기 위하여 인위적으로 적엽 처리하여 광합성과 탄수화물의 변화를 측정하였다. 눈의 재발아율은 대조구, 50% 처리구, 80% 처리구에서 각각 2.1%, 45.9%, 82.7%로 매우 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 적엽처리 후 남은 잎의 자당(sucrose)와 전분 함량을 측정한 결과 모든 처리구에서 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 대조구와 50% 처리구에서는 총 유리당의 변화도 크지 않았다. 반면 80% 처리구에서 총 유리당과 sorbitol의 함량은 처리 후 14일동안 꾸준히 감소하였으며, 이것은 대조구에 비하여 높은 sink로서의 탄수화물요구가 일어난 것으로 추정된다. 뿌리에서의 전분 축적은 적엽처리 정도가 심할수록 감소하였으나 유의한 차이는 없었다. 광합성속도와 기공전도도는 80% 처리구에서 처리 후 14일동안 꾸준히 유의하게 증가하였다. 광합성 속도의 상승은 남아있는 source 잎에서의 삼투포텐셜이 증가하여 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 이는 적엽처리로 인하여 눈의 당년 2차 재발아에 필요한 sink의 탄수화물 요구가 갑작스럽게 일어나게 됨으로써 남아있는 잎에서 광합성이 증가한 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

References

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