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Analysis of Changes in Forest According to Urban Expansion Pattern and Morphological Features - Focused on Seoul and Daegu -

도시의 공간 확장 및 형태적 특징에 따른 산림녹지의 변화 분석 - 서울, 대구를 중심으로 -

  • Ryu, Jieun (Environmental GIS/RS center, Korea University) ;
  • Hwang, Jinhoo (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Junhee (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Chung, Hye-In (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Kyung-il (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Choi, Yu-Young (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Zhu, Yongyan (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Sung, Min-Jun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Jang, Raeik (Environmental GIS/RS center, Korea University) ;
  • Sung, Hyun-Chan (Environmental GIS/RS center, Korea University) ;
  • Jeon, Seongwoo (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University) ;
  • Kang, Jin-Yung (Jeju Research Institute)
  • 류지은 (고려대학교 환경GIS/RS센터) ;
  • 황진후 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이준희 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 정혜인 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이경일 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 최유영 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 주용언 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 성민준 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 장래익 (고려대학교 환경GIS/RS센터) ;
  • 성현찬 (고려대학교 환경GIS/RS센터) ;
  • 전성우 (고려대학교 생명과학대학 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 강진영 (제주연구원)
  • Received : 2017.07.27
  • Accepted : 2017.10.11
  • Published : 2017.10.30

Abstract

Government regulations and policies are important means of restraining the indiscreet expansion of urban areas. According to the standards from those means, it is clear that the fluctuation of forest green proportion encroached by the increase of urban space is obvious. In this study, we interpreted the changes of urban areas as well as the green ones owing to the urban expansion by the decades from 1996, with focusing on the cities of Seoul and Daegu highly developed in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial expansion and morphological characteristics of urban land cover using not only satellite imageries (1996, 2006, 2016). but also the urban expansion intensity index (UEII) and GUIDOS program. Ultimately, this study is to compare the changes in the rate of forests due to urban expansions annually analyzed based on areas of forest elevation, slope, and the area of single forest patch. In Seoul, the expansion begun from urban space to suburban areas was comparatively rapid, which led the forest fragmentation and the gradual decline of the single patch. However, when it comes to DEM (Digital elevation model) and slope above a certain standard, by the development regulations, there was little decrease in area by anthropogenic developments. The city of Daegu has increased at a slow speed since 1996 in urban and suburban areas, whereas green forests have greatly increased through green forest conservation campaigns. In this way, as to the government policies and regulations, the quantitative and morphological expansion of cities owing to development could be controlled and forest spaces could be preserved as well. Therefore, regulations and policies by the government should be appropriately utilized for sustainable cities.

정부의 규제 및 정책은 무분별한 도시의 확장을 억제하는 중요한 수단이며, 이들의 기준에 따라 도시 공간의 확장으로 인하여 잠식되는 산림녹지의 증감이 뚜렷하기 때문에 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 가장 대표적으로 고밀도 개발이 진행된 서울과 대구를 중심으로 '96년대부터 10년 단위로 도시의 확장에 따른 도시와 산림녹지의 변화를 정책 및 규제를 중심으로 해석하였다. 본 연구에서는 위성영상을 이용해 토지피복('96년, '06년대, '16년대)을 분류 후, 도시의 공간 확장 및 형태적 특징을 분석하기 위하여 도시확장강도지수(UEII)와 GUIDOS 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 이에 따른 산림녹지의 변화는 산림의 고도, 경사, 단일 산림패치의 면적을 기준으로 경년 변화를 분석하였다. 서울은 근교지역의 도시 공간 확장이 비교적 빠른 속도로 진행되고 있었으며, 이에 따른 산림 파편화가 발생하여 단일패치의 면적이 점차 감소하였다. 다만, 개발규제에 따라서 일정 기준 이상의 고도와 경사에서는 개발에 따른 면적감소가 거의 발생하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 규제 대상이 아닌 고도 및 경사의 산림은 등급 변화가 크게 나타났다. 대구는 '96년대 이후 도시 및 교외 지역이 느린 속도로 증가하였지만, '96년대부터 푸른숲가꾸기를 통해 산림녹지 면적이 크게 증가하는 양상이 나타났다. 이처럼 정부의 정책 및 규제에 따라서 개발에 따른 도시의 양적, 형태적 확장이 통제되고 산림녹지가 보존될 수 있기 때문에, 지속가능한 도시를 위하여 규제 및 정책을 적절히 활용해야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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