Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Intake-related factors and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students in the Incheon area

인천지역 여자고등학생의 에너지음료 섭취관련 요인 및 교육요구도

  • Park, So Hyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University) ;
  • Lee, Seon Hwa (Majors in Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Inha University) ;
  • Chang, Kyung Ja (Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University)
  • 박소현 (인하대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이선화 (인하대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 장경자 (인하대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2017.06.09
  • Accepted : 2017.08.11
  • Published : 2017.10.31
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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate intake-related factors of energy drinks and educational needs regarding energy drinks in female high school students. Methods: Subjects were 340 female high school students in Incheon, and data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: Subjects who had drunk energy drinks were 74.3% (249 subjects) of all subjects. The first time they drank an energy drink was significantly associated with grade (p < 0.05). In 75.1% of 249 subjects who had drunk energy drinks, the places for buying energy drinks were supermarkets and convenience stores near their homes. For the effects of energy drink intake, sleeplessness (44.6%) and no effect (41.7%) were cited, and 24.5% experienced side effects such as palpitation, tremors, etc. The scores for self-diagnosis of caffeine addiction were significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the overweight group (p < 0.05). The degree of caffeine addiction was significantly associated with effects of energy drink intake (p < 0.001) and type of side effects (p < 0.001). Willingness to stop consuming energy drinks (p < 0.001) and necessity of nutrition education about energy drinks (p < 0.05) were significantly lower in the caffeine addiction group compared to the general group. About 75.0% of subjects wanted to be educated about the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine. Conclusion: This study shows that female high school students need proper education about the effects of intake of energy drinks. Therefore, guidelines and a nutrition education program right intake of energy drinks should be provided as well as campaigns concerning the side effects of energy drinks and caffeine in female high school students.

본 연구는 인천지역 인문계 여자고등학생 340명의 에너지음료 섭취 실태, 카페인 중독 수준과 에너지음료 섭취에 관한 교육 요구도를 알아보기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 학년, BMI와 카페인 중독 자가진단 결과에 따라 분류하여 분석하였다. 에너지음료를 알고 있는 대상자는 328명 (97.9%)이었고, 에너지음료 섭취 경험자는 249명 (74.3%)이었다. 에너지음료 섭취 경험자 249명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 에너지음료 첫 섭취 경험 시기는 학년과 유의한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났고 (p < 0.05), 1학년은 중학생과 초등학생 순으로, 2학년과 3학년은 중학생과 고등학생 순으로 에너지음료 첫 섭취 시기가 조사되었다. 에너지음료의 구입처는 집 근처 75.1%와 학교 근처 10.8%의 자판기와 편의점으로 나타났고, 에너지음료를 마신 후 느꼈던 효과는 대상자의 44.6%가 졸리지 않았던 반면 41.7%는 효과를 느끼지 못하였다고 답하였다. 그리고 에너지음료 섭취 후 부작용은 대상자의 24.5%가 가슴 두근거림, 현기증, 떨림, 설사 등의 부작용을 경험한 반면 75.5%는 부작용이 없었다. 에너지음료 섭취 경험자를 대상으로 카페인 중독 자가진단 결과, 카페인 중독 평균 점수는 0.9점 (8점 만점)으로 낮은 점수를 보이었으나 5점 이상의 카페인 중독군에 해당하는 대상자는 6명 (2.4%), 2~4점의 카페인 중독 위험군은 44명 (17.7%), 0~1점의 일반군은 199명 (79.9%)으로 조사되었다. 카페인 중독 점수는 BMI에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 저체중군 1.3점이 과체중군 0.6점에 비하여 카페인 중독 평균 점수가 높았다 (p < 0.05). 그러나 카페인 중독 점수에 따라 분류 된 세 그룹은 학년, BMI, 생활습관과는 유의적인 관련이 나타나지 않았다. 카페인 중독 점수에 따라 에너지음료 섭취 효과와 부작용은 유의적인 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.001). 에너지음료 섭취 효과에 대하여 카페인 중독군과 일반군은 각각 83.3%와 36.7%가 졸리지 않았다고 한 반면 16.7%와 47.2%는 효과가 없었다고 하였고, 부작용이 나타난 경우는 카페인 중독군의 경우 83.3%이었으나 일반군은 16.6%가 부작용이 나타난 것으로 조사되었다. 학년에 따라 부모님 또는 선생님으로부터 에너지음료의 부작용에 대하여 들어본 적이 있는지 여부는 유의적으로 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 그리고 카페인 중독 점수에 따라 에너지음료에 대하여 섭취를 줄이거나 중단 할 의향의 정도 (p < 0.001)와 에너지음료에 대한 영양교육의 필요성 (p < 0.05)은 카페인 중독군이 일반군 보다 낮은 점수를 보였다. 전체 335명을 대상으로 올바른 에너지음료 섭취를 위해 요구하는 영양교육 내용은 에너지음료에 대한 부작용 59.7%, 카페인의 부작용 14.9% 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 인천지역 일부 여고생들을 대상으로 이루어진 제한점이 있으나, 인문계 여자고등학생의 학년, BMI와 카페인 중독 점수에 따른 에너지음료 섭취관련 요인과 에너지음료 관련 교육요구도에 관한 연구가 이루어진 것에 의의가 있다. 청소년기의 건강한 식습관이 성인이 되어서도 건강에 중요한 영향을 미치기 때문에 여자고등학생의 에너지음료에 대한 올바른 섭취 방법과 카페인 함유 식품에 대한 위해성에 관한 영양교육 자료 개발이 필요하며, 이를 활용한 지속적인 교육이 필요하다.

Keywords

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