Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Mineralogy and Genetic Environments of the Seongdo Pb-Zn deposit, Goesan

괴산 성도 연-아연 광상의 산출광물과 생성환경

  • Ahn, Seongyeol (Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • Shin, Dongbok (Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University)
  • 안성열 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과) ;
  • 신동복 (공주대학교 지질환경과학과)
  • Received : 2017.07.27
  • Accepted : 2017.09.04
  • Published : 2017.10.28
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Abstract

The Seongdo Pb-Zn deposit, located in the northwestern part of the Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt, consists of skarn ore replacing limestone within the Hwajeonri Formation of Ogcheon Group and hydrothermal vein ore filling the fracture of host rock. Skarn minerals comprise mostly hedenbergitic pyroxene, garnet displaying oscillatory zonal texture composed of grossular and andradite, and a small amount of wollastonite, tremolite, and epidote, indicating reducing condition of formation. Ore minerals of skarn ore include sphalerite and galena with a small amount of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. In hydrothermal vein ore, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite occur with a small amount of galena, native Bi, and stannite. Chemical compositions of sphalerite vary from 17.4 mole% FeS in average for dark grey sphalerite, 3.6 mole% for reddish brown sphalerite in skarn ore, and to 10.3 mole% FeS in hydrothermal vein ore. In comparison with representative metallic deposits in South Korea on the FeS-MnS-CdS diagram, skarn and hydrothermal vein ore plot close to the field of Pb-Zn deposits and Au-Ag deposits, respectively. Arsenic contents of arsenopyrite in hydrothermal vein ore decrease from 31.93~33.00 at.% in early stage to 29.58~30.21 at.% in middle stage, and their corresponding mineralizing temperature and sulfur fugacity are $441{\sim}490^{\circ}C$, $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4.5}atm$. and $330{\sim}364^{\circ}C$, <$10^{-8}atm$. respectively. Phase equilibrium temperatures calculated from Fe and Zn contents for coexisting sphalerite and stannite in hydrothermal vein are $236{\sim}254^{\circ}C$. Sulfur isotope compositions are 5.4~7.2‰ for skarn ore and 5.4~8.4‰ for hydrothermal vein ore, being similar or slightly higher to magmatic sulfur, suggesting that ore sulfur was mostly of magmatic origin with partial derivation from host rocks. However, much higher sulfur isotope equilibrium temperatures of $549^{\circ}C$와 $487^{\circ}C$, respectively for skarn ore and hydrothermal ore, than those estimated from phase equilibria imply that isotopic equilibrium has not been fully established.

성도 연-아연광상은 옥천층군 화전리층의 석회암을 교대한 스카른광체와 모암내 열극을 충진한 열수맥상광체로 구분된다. 스카른광물은 헤덴버자이트(hedenbergite) 계열의 휘석이 대부분이며, 그로슐라(grossular)와 안드라다이트(andradite)가 진동누대구조를 보이는 석류석, 그리고 소량의 규회석, 투각섬석, 녹염석 등이 산출되어 환원환경에서 정출된 것으로 보인다. 스카른광체에서는 섬아연석 및 방연석이 우세하고 황철석, 자류철석, 황동석이 소량 수반되며, 열수맥상광체에서는 유비철석, 섬아연석, 황동석 및 황철석과 더불어 방연석, 자연비스무스 및 황석석(stannite)이 소량 수반된다. 스카른광체에서 암회색 섬아연석의 FeS 함량은 평균 17.4 mole%, 적갈색 섬아연석은 3.6 mole%이고, 열수맥상광체에서는 10.3 mole%를 나타낸다. 이들을 국내 주요 금속광상의 FeS-MnS-CdS 함량비와 비교한 결과 스카른광체는 연-아연, 열수맥상광체는 금-은 광상 영역에 도시된다. 열수맥상광체에서 산출되는 유비철석의 As 함량은 초기 31.93~33.00 at.%에서 중기 29.58~30.21 at.%로 가면서 점차 감소하며, 이에 따른 광화온도와 황분압은 초기 $441{\sim}490^{\circ}C$, $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4.5}atm.$와 중기 $330{\sim}364^{\circ}C$, <$10^{-8}atm.$에 해당한다. 섬아연석과 공생하는 황석석의 Fe와 Zn 조성비를 이용한 광물상 평형온도는 $236{\sim}254^{\circ}C$의 범위를 보인다. 스카른광체 황화광물의 황동위원소 조성은 5.4~7.2‰, 열수맥상광체는 5.4~8.4‰로서 화성기원과 유사하거나 다소 높은 값을 나타내어 광상을 형성시킨 황이 대체로 마그마에서 유래되었으나 일부 모암의 영향을 받았음을 시사한다. 그러나, 스카른광체와 열수맥상광체에서의 황동위원소평형온도가 각각 $549^{\circ}C$와 $487^{\circ}C$로서 상평형온도 보다 현저히 높게 나타나고 있어서 이들이 동위원소적으로 충분한 평형을 이루지 못한 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

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