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울산 대곡천 암각화 유적지 일대의 참나무림 다양성과 분포 특성

Oak Forests of the Daegok-cheon Petroglyphs Area in Ulsan, South Korea

  • 투고 : 2017.01.18
  • 심사 : 2017.02.15
  • 발행 : 2017.03.31

초록

한반도 동남단의 울산 대곡천 협곡에는 우리나라 최고(最古) 선사유적지인 천전리-반구대 암각화가 있다. 본 연구는 선사인의 식량자원이 되는 도토리에 착목하여 대곡천 협곡에 잔존하는 참나무림의 다양성과 분포 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 참나무림의 상관형에 따라 그 종조성과 서식처 대응성에 대하여 Z.-M. 방법으로 현장 식생조사가 이루어졌다. 총 193분류군(64과 129속)으로 이루어진 20개의 식생조사표가 획득되었고, 식물사회학적 군락분류와 생태식물상 분석이 이루어졌다. 참나무림은 조사 면적의 36.9% ($513,374m^2$)를 차지하고, 그 99% ($507,677m^2$)는 굴참나무와 졸참나무 우점림이었다. 대곡천 지역식생은 굴피나무와 사람주나무의 높은 상대기여도가 특징이며, 토지적 (edaphic) 자연식생의 내건성 (耐乾性), 호온성 (好溫性)의 참나무림 식생형인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 대곡천 협곡 일대는 풍부한 도토리 생산 여건의 식생자원, 수자원, 온난한 난온대 기후환경의 선사인이 주목할 수밖에 없는 생태역(ecoregion)인 것으로 규정하였다.

We describe characteristics of diversity and distribution of oak forests on the Daegok-cheon gorge of the Southeastern Korean Peninsula, the oldest prehistoric site, in view of a sort of food resources of acorns. The $Z{\ddot{u}}rich$-Montpellier School's method was adopted for field investigation on the oak dominant stands. A total of 20 phytosociological $relev\acute{e}s$ composed of 193 taxa were analyzed by syntaxonomy and ecological flora. The Daegok-cheon's oak forests occupied 36.9% ($513,374m^2$) of the surveyed area, and its 99% ($507,677m^2$) was Quercus variabilis and Q. serrata stands. Oak forests of the Daegok-cheon gorge are a kind of regional vegetation type characterizing by the high relative net contribution degree (r-NCD) of Platycarya strobilacea and Sapium japonicum, which are an edaphic type of the xerophilous and thermophilic oak forests. The region of the Daegok-cheon petroglyphs is defined as an ecoregion with rich acorn supply and abundant water resources, and the warmer environment, which attracts prehistoric man.

키워드

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