Journal of the Geological Society of Korea (지질학회지)

The Geological Society of Korea (대한지질학회)
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Hydrogeochemical modeling on water-rock-CO2 interactions within a CO2-injected shallow aquifer

천부대수층 내 이산화탄소 주입에 의한 물-암석-CO2 반응에 대한 수리지구화학적 모델링

  • Lee, Seol Hee (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Soon-Oh (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Choi, Byoung-Young (Center for CO2 Geological Storage, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Do, Hyun-Kwon (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and K-COSEM Research Center) ;
  • Yun, Seong-Taek (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and K-COSEM Research Center) ;
  • Jun, Seong-Chun (GeoGreen21 Co. Ltd.)
  • 이설희 (경상대학교 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 김순오 (경상대학교 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 최병영 (한국지질자원연구원 CO2 지중 저장 연구단) ;
  • 도현권 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과 및 K-COSEM 연구단) ;
  • 윤성택 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과 및 K-COSEM 연구단) ;
  • 전성천 ((주)지오그린21)
  • Received : 2017.08.09
  • Accepted : 2017.09.11
  • Published : 2017.10.13
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Abstract

Multi-dimensional and multi-phase hydrogeochemical reactive transport modeling was conducted to predict the dispersion of $CO_2$ plume after its injection into a shallow aquifer via a controlled release test within the environmental impact evaluation test facility on seepage of geologically stored $CO_2$ (EIT) site. In addition, the model simulations aimed at observing the change of mineralogical composition occurring as a result of water-rock-$CO_2$ interactions. Contrary to the expectation that the injected $CO_2$ dispersed in the direction of groundwater flow, the model simulations showed that the $CO_2$ plume was isotopically dispersed initially and then transported preferentially towards the northeastern direction of the injection well. This result can be related to the zone of a relatively higher electrical resistivity (ER) where the injection well existed and the northeastern zone where a relatively lower ER was distributed. The results of model simulations on the change of volume factions of major minerals via water-rock-$CO_2$ interactions for the period of 1,000 years after the $CO_2$ injection indicate that naturally-occurring K-feldspar, albite, anorthite, chlorite, kaolinite, and glauconite seemed to be continuously dissolved as a result of decreasing pH, whereas quartz and illite were observed to be predominantly precipitated. Furthermore, it is likely that the mineral trapping of the injected $CO_2$ was mostly contributed to calcite and dolomite. However, the volume fraction of magnesite seemed not to be changed, and which indicates that it was not precipitated under the given conditions of temperature and pressure. It is expected that these results of model simulations can be applied as one of indicators to quantitatively evaluate the long-term efficiency of mineral trapping of injected $CO_2$.

인위누출시험에 의하여 천부대수층으로 주입된 이산화탄소 플룸의 확산을 예측하고 장기간의 물-암석-이산화탄소 반응에 의한 광물학적 조성변화를 고찰하기 위하여 다차원-다상 수리지구화학적 반응성 이동 모델링을 수행하였다. 주입된 이산화탄소는 지하수의 흐름방향으로 확산될 것이라는 예상과 달리 모델 시뮬레이션 결과, 이산화탄소 주입수의 플룸은 초기에 등방성을 가지며 확산되나 이후 주입정으로부터 북동쪽으로 우선적으로 확산되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 주입관정이 위치한 구역 하부에서 나타나는 상대적으로 높은 전기비저항값과 주입관정을 중심으로 북동쪽으로 위치하는 상대적으로 낮은 전기비저항값의 분포와 연관이 있다고 판단하였다. 또한 이산화탄소 주입에 따른 물-암석-이산화탄소 반응으로 나타나는 광물조성의 체적 분율 변화를 1,000년 동안 관찰한 결과, 대상 지층 내 자연적으로 존재하는 정장석, 조장석, 회장석, 녹니석, 카올리나이트 및 해록석은 낮아진 pH 조건하에 용해반응이 지속적으로 일어나며 석영과 일라이트는 침전반응이 우세하게 일어남을 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 이산화탄소의 탄산염광물로의 포획기작은 대부분 방해석과 백운석을 통해 발생하는 것으로 판단되며 마그네사이트는 체적 분율의 변화가 없는 것으로 보아 주어진 온도 및 압력 조건하에서는 침전되지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 수치 모델링의 결과들은 장기간 이산화탄소 지중 저장에 있어 광물포획의 효율성을 정량적으로 평가하는 지표로써 활용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국환경산업기술원, 한국지질자원연구원

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