References
- Andersen NN, Jess T. Risk of cardiovascular disease in inflam0 matory bowel disease. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. 2014. 5: 359-365. https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.359
- Bakken JS, Borody T, Brandt LJ, Brill JV, Demarco DC, Franzos MA, Kelly C, Khoruts A, Louie T, Martinelli LP, Moore TA, Russell G, Surawicz C. Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2011. 9: 1044-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2011.08.014
- Brugere JF, Borrel G, Gaci N, Tottey W, O'Toole PW, Malpuech-Brugere C. Archaebiotics: proposed therapeutic use of archaea to prevent trimethylaminuria and cardiovascular disease. Gut Microbes. 2014. 5: 5-10. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.26749
- Caesar R, Fak F, Backhed F. Effects of gut microbiota on obesity and atherosclerosis via modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2010. 268: 320-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02270.x
- Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget A, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Burcelin R. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008. 57: 1470-1481. https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-1403
- Cani PD, Lecourt E, Dewulf EM, Sohet FM, Pachikian BD, Naslain D, De Backer F, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM. Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009. 90: 1236-1243. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28095
- Cani PD, Possemiers S, Van de Wiele T, Guiot Y, Everard A, Rottier O, Geurts L, Naslain D, Neyrinck A, Lambert DM, Muccioli GG, Delzenne NM. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut. 2009. 58:1091-1103. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.165886
- Carvalho FA, Koren O, Goodrich JK, Johansson ME, Nalbantoglu I, Aitken JD, Su Y, Chassaing B, Walters WA, Gonzalez A, Clemente JC, Cullender TC, Barnich N, Darfeuille-Michaud A, Vijay-Kumar M, Knight R, Ley RE, Gewirtz AT. Transient inability to manage proteobacteria promotes chronic gut inflammation in TLR5-deficient mice. Cell Host Microbe. 2012. 12: 139-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.07.004
- Chen Z, Guo L, Zhang Y, Walzem RL, Pendergast JS, Printz RL, Morris LC, Matafonova E, Stien X, Kang L, Coulon D, McGuinness OP, Niswender KD, Davies SS. Incorporation of therapeutically modified bacteria into gut microbiota inhibits obesity. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2014. 124: 3391-3406. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI72517
- Cho I, Yamanishi S, Cox L, Methe BA, Zavadil J, Li K, Gao Z, Mahana D, Raju K, Teitler I, Li H, Alekseyenko AV, Blaser MJ. Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity. Nature. 2012. 488: 621-626. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11400
- David LA, Maurice CF, Carmody RN, Gootenberg DB, Button JE, Wolfe BE, Ling AV, Devlin AS, Varma Y, Fischbach MA, Biddinger SB, Dutton RJ, Turnbaugh PJ. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014. 505: 559-563. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820
- De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, Collini S, Pieraccini G, Lionetti P. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010. 107: 14691-14696. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005963107
- Den Besten G, Bleeker A, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Havinga R, van Dijk TH, Oosterveer MH, Jonker JW, Groen AK, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. Short-chain fatty acids protect against highfat diet-induced obesity via a PPARgamma-dependent switch from lipogenesis to fat oxidation. Diabetes. 2015. 64: 2398-2408. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1213
- Engervall P, Granstrom M, Andersson B, Bjorkholm M. Monitoring of endotoxin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein serum concentrations in neutropenic patients with fever. European Journal of Haematology. 1995. 54: 226-234.
- Fernald GH, Capriotti E, Daneshjou R, Karczewski KJ, Altman RB. Bioinformatics challenges for personalized medicine. Bioinformatics. 2011. 27: 1741-1748. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr295
- Fernandes J, Su W, Rahat-Rozenbloom S, Wolever TM, Comelli EM. Adiposity, gut microbiota and faecal short chain fatty acids are linked in adult humans. Nutrition & Diabetes. 2014. 4: e121. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2014.23
- Foye OT, Huang IF, Chiou CC, Walker WA, Shi HN. Early administration of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and/or prebiotic inulin attenuates pathogen-mediated intestinal inflammation and Smad 7 cell signaling. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 2012. 65: 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00978.x
- Frost G, Sleeth ML, Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Lizarbe B, Cerdan S, Brody L, Anastasovska J, Ghourab S, Hankir M, Zhang S, Carling D, Swann JR, Gibson G, Viardot A, Morrison D, Louise Thomas E, Bell JD. The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nature Communications. 2014. 5: 3611. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4611
- Furusawa Y, Obata Y, Fukuda S, Endo TA, Nakato G, Takahashi D, Nakanishi Y, Uetake C, Kato K, Kato T, Takahashi M, Fukuda NN, Murakami S, Miyauchi E, Hino S, Atarashi K, Onawa S, Fujimura Y, Lockett T, Clarke JM, Topping DL, Tomita M, Hori S, Ohara O, Morita T, Koseki H, Kikuchi J, Honda K, Hase K, Ohno H. Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells. Nature. 2013. 504: 446-450. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12721
- Gough E, Shaikh H, Manges AR. Systematic review of intestinal microbiota transplantation (fecal bacteriotherapy) for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2011. 53: 994-1002. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir632
- Ho K. Bacteriophage therapy for bacterial infections. Rekindling a memory from the pre-antibiotics era. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 2001. 44: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0006
- Iida N, Dzutsev A, Stewart CA, Smith L, Bouladoux N, Weingarten RA, Molina DA, Salcedo R, Back T, Cramer S, Dai RM, Kiu H, Cardone M, Naik S, Patri AK, Wang E, Marincola FM, Frank KM, Belkaid Y, Trinchieri G, Goldszmid RS. Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Science. 2013. 342: 967-970. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240527
- Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Prakash S. Cholesterol lowering and inhibition of sterol absorption by Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012. 66: 1234-1241. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.126
- Kelly G. Inulin-type prebiotics--a review: part 1. Alternative Medicine Review. 2008. 13: 315-329.
- Kinross JM, Darzi AW. Gut microbiome-host interactions in health and disease. Genome Medicine. 2011. 3: 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/gm228
- Kleerebezem M, Vaughan EE. Probiotic and gut lactobacilli and bifidobacteria: molecular approaches to study diversity and activity. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2009. 63: 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073341
- Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nature Medicine. 2013. 19: 576-585. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3145
- Koren O, Spor A, Felin J, Fak F, Stombaugh J, Tremaroli V, Behre CJ, Knight R, Fagerberg B, Ley RE, Backhed F. Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2011. 108: 4592-4598. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011383107
- Krajmalnik-Brown R, Ilhan ZE, Kang DW, DiBaise JK. Effects of gut microbes on nutrient absorption and energy regulation. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2012. 27: 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533611436116
- Kuka J, Liepinsh E, Makrecka-Kuka M, Liepins J, Cirule H, Gustina D, Loza E, Zharkova-Malkova O, Grinberga S, Pugovics O, Dambrova M. Suppression of intestinal microbiota-dependent production of pro-atherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide by shifting L-carnitine microbial degradation. Life Sciences. 2014. 117: 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.028
- Kwon SY, Na YA. The assessment of framingham risk score and 10 Year CHD risk according to application of LDL cholesterol or total cholesterol. Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2016. 48: 54-61. https://doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2016.48.2.54
- Lalles JP. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: multiple biological roles in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and modulation by diet. Nutrition Reviews. 2010. 68: 323-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00292.x
- Lecomte V, Kaakoush NO, Maloney CA, Raipuria M, Huinao KD, Mitchell HM, Morris MJ. Changes in gut microbiota in rats fed a high fat diet correlate with obesity-associated metabolic parameters. PLoS One. 2015. 10: e0126931. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126931
- Lim CW, Kim JG. The usefulness of rapid triple test for cardiac marker in rorensic paragnosis of sudden cardiac death. Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 2017. 49: 108-113. https://doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.2.108
- Loc-Carrillo C, Abedon ST. Pros and cons of phage therapy. Bacteriophage. 2011. 1: 111-114. https://doi.org/10.4161/bact.1.2.14590
- Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature. 2012. 489: 220-230. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11550
- Lundin JI, Checkoway H. Endotoxin and cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2009. 117: 1344-1350. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0800439
- Mackensen A, Galanos C, Engelhardt R. Treatment of cancer patients with endotoxin induces release of endogenous cytokines. Pathobiology: Journal of Immunopathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1991. 59: 264-267. https://doi.org/10.1159/000163659
- McCarthy DD, Kujawa J, Wilson C, Papandile A, Poreci U, Porfilio EA, Ward L, Lawson MA, Macpherson AJ, McCoy KD, Pei Y, Novak L, Lee JY, Julian BA, Novak J, Ranger A, Gommerman JL, Browning JL. Mice overexpressing BAFF develop a commensal flora-dependent, IgA-associated nephropathy. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011. 121: 3991-4002. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI45563
- Moschen AR, Wieser V, Tilg H. Dietary factors: major regulators of the gut's microbiota. Gut Liver. 2012. 6: 411-416. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2012.6.4.411
- Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science. 2012. 336: 1262-1267. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223813
- Raftery T, O'Sullivan M. Risk factors for cardiovascular events in inflammatory bowel disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2011. 106: 2042-2043.
- Rohlke F, Stollman N. Fecal microbiota transplantation in relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. Therapeutic Advances in Gastro enterology. 2012. 5: 403-420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756283X12453637
- Round JL, Mazmanian SK. The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2009. 9: 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2515
- Schwartz M, Gluck M, Koon S. Norovirus gastroenteritis after fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection despite asymptomatic donors and lack of sick contacts. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2013. 108: 1367-1367.
- Shen TC, Albenberg L, Bittinger K, Chehoud C, Chen YY, Judge CA, Chau L, Ni J, Sheng M, Lin A, Wilkins BJ, Buza EL, Lewis JD, Daikhin Y, Nissim I, Yudkoff M, Bushman FD, Wu GD. Engineering the gut microbiota to treat hyperammonemia. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2015. 125: 2841-2850. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI79214
- Shin NR, Whon TW, Bae JW. Proteobacteria: microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota. Trends in Biotechnology. 2015. 33: 496-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.06.011
- Shin KA, Hong SB, Shin KS. Body adiposity index and metabolic syndrome risk factors in Korean adults: a comparison with body mass index and other parameters. Biomedical Science Letters. 2017. 23: 57-63. https://doi.org/10.15616/BSL.2017.23.2.57
- Shin KA. The association of pulse pressure and pre-metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged men. Biomedical Science Letters. 2017. 23: 73-79. https://doi.org/10.15616/BSL.2017.23.2.73
- Shin KA. Clinical usefulness of serum uric acid and resting heart rate in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Biomedical Science Letters. 2017. 23: 118-127. https://doi.org/10.15616/BSL.2017.23.2.118
- Singh V, Chassaing B, Zhang L, San Yeoh B, Xiao X, Kumar M, Baker MT, Cai J, Walker R, Borkowski K, Harvatine KJ, Singh N, Shearer GC, Ntambi JM, Joe B, Patterson AD, Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M. Microbiota-dependent hepatic lipogenesis mediated by stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) promotes metabolic syndrome in TLR5-deficient mice. Cell Metabolism. 2015. 22: 983-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.028
- Stenman LK, Waget A, Garret C, Briand F, Burcelin R, Sulpice T, Lahtinen S. Probiotic B420 and prebiotic polydextrose improve efficacy of antidiabetic drugs in mice. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2015. 7: 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-015-0075-7
- Stepankova R, Tonar Z, Bartova J, Nedorost L, Rossman P, Poledne R, Schwarzer M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Absence of microbiota (germ-free conditions) accelerates the atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice fed standard low cholesterol diet. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2010. 17: 796-804. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.3285
- Summers WC. Bacteriophage therapy. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2001. 55: 437-451. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.437
- Tang WH, Hazen SL. The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2014. 124: 4204-4211. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI72331
- Tang WH, Wang Z, Levison BS, Koeth RA, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013. 368: 1575-1584. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109400
- Teixeira TF, Grzeskowiak L, Franceschini SC, Bressan J, Ferreira CL, Peluzio MC. Higher level of faecal SCFA in women correlates with metabolic syndrome risk factors. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013. 109: 914-919. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512002723
- Trasande L, Blustein J, Liu M, Corwin E, Cox LM, Blaser MJ. Infant antibiotic exposures and early-life body mass. International Journal of Obesity. 2013. 37: 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.132
- Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature. 2006. 444: 1027-1031. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05414
- Vrieze A, Van Nood E, Holleman F, Salojarvi J, Kootte RS, Bartelsman JF, Dallinga-Thie GM, Ackermans MT, Serlie MJ, Oozeer R, Derrien M, Druesne A, Van Hylckama Vlieg JE, Bloks VW, Groen AK, Heilig HG, Zoetendal EG, Stroes ES, de Vos WM, Hoekstra JB, Nieuwdorp M. Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2012. 143: 913-916 e917. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.031
- Wang L, Chen Q, Qi H, Wang C, Wang C, Zhang J, Dong L. Doxorubicin-induced systemic inflammation is driven by upregulation of toll-like receptor TLR4 and endotoxin leakage. Cancer Research. 2016. 76: 6631-6642. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-3034
- Wolever TM, Schrade KB, Vogt JA, Tsihlias EB, McBurney MI. Do colonic short-chain fatty acids contribute to the long-term adaptation of blood lipids in subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming a high-fiber diet? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002. 75: 1023-1030. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1023
- Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, Bittinger K, Chen YY, Keilbaugh SA, Bewtra M, Knights D, Walters WA, Knight R, Sinha R, Gilroy E, Gupta K, Baldassano R, Nessel L, Li H, Bushman FD, Lewis JD. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011. 334: 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208344
- Wu P, Jia F, Zhang B, Zhang P. Risk of cardiovascular disease in inflammatory bowel disease. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2017. 13: 395-400. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3966
- Wymore Brand M, Wannemuehler MJ, Phillips GJ, Proctor A, Overstreet AM, Jergens AE, Orcutt RP, Fox JG. The altered Schaedler flora: Continued applications of a defined murine microbial community. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. 2015. 56: 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv012
- Xiao S, Fei N, Pang X, Shen J, Wang L, Zhang B, Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li M, Sun L, Xue Z, Wang J, Feng J, Yan F, Zhao N, Liu J, Long W, Zhao L. A gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention for amelioration of chronic inflammation underlying metabolic syndrome. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 2014. 87: 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12228