Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

System identification of arch dam model strengthened with CFRP composite materials

  • Altunisik, A.C. (Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University) ;
  • Gunaydin, M. (Department of Civil Engineering, Gumushane University) ;
  • Sevim, B. (Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University) ;
  • Adanur, S. (Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University)
  • Received : 2017.01.27
  • Accepted : 2017.06.30
  • Published : 2017.10.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This paper presents the structural identification of an arch dam model for the damaged, repaired and strengthened conditions under different water levels. For this aim, an arch dam-reservoir-foundation model has been constructed. Ambient vibration tests have been performed on the damaged, repaired and strengthened dam models for the empty reservoir (0 cm), 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and full reservoir (60 cm) water levels to illustrate the effects of water levels on the dynamics characteristics. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition Method in the frequency domain has been used to extract the dynamic characteristics. The dynamic characteristics obtained from the damaged, repaired and strengthened dam models show that the natural frequencies and damping ratios are considerably affected from the varying water level. The maximum differences between the frequencies for the empty and full reservoir are obtained as 16%, 33%, and 25% for damaged, repaired and strengthened model respectively. Mode shapes obtained from the all models are not affected by the increasing water level. Also, after the repairing and strengthening implementations, the natural frequencies of the arch dam model increase significantly. After strengthening, between 46-92% and 43-62% recovery in the frequencies are calculated for empty and full reservoir respectively. Apparently, after strengthening implementation, the mode shapes obtained are more acceptable and distinctive compared to those for the damaged model.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : TUBITAK, Karadeniz Technical University

References

  1. Akkose, M., Bayraktar, A. and Dumanoglu, A.A. (2008), "Reservoir water level effects on nonlinear dynamic response of arch dams", J. Fluids Struct., 24(3), 418-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.08.007
  2. Alves, S.W. and Hall, J.F. (2006), "System identification of a concrete arch dam and calibration of its finite element model", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(11), 1321-1337. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.575
  3. Arch Dams (1968), "A review of British research and development", Proceedings of the Symposium Held at the Institution of Civil Engineers, London, England, March.
  4. Bayraktar, A., Sevim, B. and Altunisik, A.C. (2011), "Finite element model updating effects on nonlinear seismic response of arch dam-reservoir-foundation systems", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 47(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2010.09.005
  5. Calayir, Y., Dumanoglu, A.A. and Bayraktar, A. (1996), "Earthquake analysis of gravity dam-reservoir systems using the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches", Comput. Struct., 59(5), 877-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00309-6
  6. Calcina, S.V., Eltrudis, L., Piroddi, L. and Ranieri, G. (2014), "Ambient vibration tests of an arch dam with different reservoir water levels: Experimental results and comparison with finite element modeling", Sci. World J. DOI: 10.1155/2014/692709
  7. Cheng, L., Yang, J., Zheng, D., Li, B. and Ren, J. (2015), "The health monitoring method of concrete dams based on ambient vibration testing and kernel principle analysis", Shock Vib. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/342358
  8. Daniell, W.E. and Taylor, C.A. (1999), "Effective ambient vibration testing for validating numerical models of concrete dams", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 28(11), 1327-1344. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199911)28:11<1327::AID-EQE869>3.0.CO;2-V
  9. Darbre, G.R. and Proulx, J. (2002), "Continuous ambient vibration monitoring of the arch dam of Mauvoisin", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(2), 475-480. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.118
  10. Darbre, G.R., De Smet, C.A.M. and Kraemer, C. (2000), "Natural frequencies measured from ambient vibration response of the arch dam of Mauvoisin", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(5), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(200005)29:5<577::AID-EQE924>3.0.CO;2-P
  11. Deinum, P.J., Dungar, R., Ellis, B.R., Jeary, A.P., Reed, G.A.L. and Severn, R.T. (1982), "Vibration tests on Emosson arch dam in Switzerland", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 10(3), 447-470. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100308
  12. Dungar, R. (1978), "An efficient method of fluid-structure coupling in the dynamic analysis of structures", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 13(1), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620130107
  13. Hariri-Ardebili, M.A. and Sayed-Kolbadi, S.M. (2015), "Seismic cracking and instability of concrete dams: Smeared crack approach", Eng. Fail. Anal., 52, 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.02.020
  14. Karaton, M. (2004), "Dynamic damage analysis of arch dams including fluid-structure interaction", Ph.D. Thesis; Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. [In Turkish]
  15. Liu, J., Liu, F., Kong, X. and Long, Y. (2016), "Large-scale shaking table model tests on seismically induced failure of concrete-faced rockfill dams", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 82, 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.11.009
  16. Loh, C.H. and Wu, T.S. (1996), "Identification of Fei-Tsui arch dam from both ambient and seismic response data", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 15(7), 465-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/0267-7261(96)00016-4
  17. MBrace Composite Strengthening System (2007), BASF Construction Chemicals UK, Version 10.
  18. Mendes, P. and Oliveira, S. (2007), "Study of dam-reservoir dynamic interaction using vibration tests on a physical model", Proceedings of the 2nd International Operational Modal Analysis Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, April, 2(18), 477-484.
  19. Okuma, N., Etou, Y., Kanazawa, K. and Hirata, K. (2008), "Dynamic properties of a large arch dam after forty-four years of completion", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, October.
  20. Oliveira, S. and Faria, R. (2006), "Numerical simulation of collapse scenarios in reduced scale tests of arch dams", Eng. Struct., 28(10), 1430-1439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.01.012
  21. Oliveira, S. and Mendes, P. (2006), "Development of a Cibril Dam Finite Element Model for dynamic analysis using ambient vibration tests results", Proceedings of the III European Conference on Computational Mechanics Solids, Structures and Coupled Problems in Engineering, (C.A. Mota Soares et al. Eds.), Lisbon, Portugal, June.
  22. OMA (2006), Operational Modal Analysis, Release 4.0; Structural Vibration Solutions A/S, Denmark.
  23. Pan, J., Zhang, C., Xu, Y. and Jin, F. (2011), "A comparative study of the different procedures for seismic cracking analysis of concrete dams", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(11), 1594-1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.06.011
  24. Pascale, G. and Bonfiglioli, B. (2001), "Reinforced concrete beams damaged and repaired with GFRP: Dynamic testing and modeling", Proceedings of International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, Hong Kong, December, pp. 441-448.
  25. Perumalswami, P.R. and Kar, L. (1973), "Earthquake behavior of arch dams-reservoir systems", Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Italy, July.
  26. Proulx, J., Paultre, P., Rheault, J. and Robert, Y. (2001), "An experimental investigation of water level effects on the dynamic behavior of a large arch dam", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(8), 1147-1166. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.55
  27. PULSE (2006), Analyzers and Solutions, Release 11.2; Bruel and Kjaer, Sound and Vibration Measurement A/S, Denmark.
  28. Sevim, B., Altunisik, A.C. and Bayraktar, A. (2010), "Determination of water level effects on the dynamic characteristics of a prototype arch dam model using ambient vibration testing", Experim. Techniques, 36(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2010.00671.x
  29. Sevim, B., Bayraktar, A. and Altunisik, A.C. (2011a), "Finite element model calibration of Berke arch dam using operational modal testing", J. Vib. Control, 17(7), 1065-1079. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546310377912
  30. Sevim, B., Bayraktar, A. and Altunisik, A.C. (2011b), "Investigation of water length effects on the modal behavior of a prototype arch dam using operational and analytical modal analyses", Struct. Eng. Mech., Int. J., 37(6), 593-615. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.37.6.593
  31. Sevim, B., Altunisik, A.C. and Bayraktar, A. (2012), "Experimental evaluation of crack effects on the dynamic characteristics of a prototype arch dam using ambient vibration tests", Comput. Concrete, Int. J., 10(3), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2012.10.3.277
  32. Tarinejad, R., Ahmadi Mohammad, T. and Harichandran Ronald, S. (2014), "Full-scale experimental modal analysis of an arch dam: The first experience in Iran", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 61, 188-196.
  33. Turker, T., Bayraktar, A. and Sevim, B. (2014), "Vibration based damage identification of concrete arch dams by finite element model updating", Comput. Concrete, Int. J., 13(3), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2014.13.2.209
  34. USACE (2003), Time-History Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Hydraulic Structures; Engineering and Design, USA.
  35. Wang, B.S. and He, Z.C. (2007), "Crack detection of arch dam using statistical neural network based on the reductions of natural frequencies", J. Sound Vib., 302(4), 1037-1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.01.008
  36. Wang, H. and Li, D. (2006), "Experimental study of seismic overloading of large arch dam", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 35(2), 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.517
  37. Wang, H. and Li, D. (2007), "Experimental study of dynamic damage of an arch dam", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 36(3), 347-366. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.637
  38. Weng, J.H. and Loh, C.H. (2010), "Structural health monitoring of arch dam from dynamic measurements", Earth and Space 2010: Engineering, Science, Construction and Operations in Challenging Environments, ASCE, pp. 2518-2534.
  39. Westergaard, H.M. (1933), "Water pressures on dams during earthquakes", Transactions, ASCE, 98, 418-433.
  40. Wilson, E.L. and Khalvati, M. (1983), "Finite elements for the dynamic analysis of fluid-solid systems", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 19(11), 1657-1668. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620191105
  41. Ziyad, D. (1988), "Experimental and finite element studies of a large arch dams", Ph.D. Thesis; California Institute of Technology, USA.

Cited by

  1. Mixed mode I/II fracture criterion to anticipate behavior of the orthotropic materials vol.34, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.5.671