The Korean journal of internal medicine

  • 제32권6호
  • /
  • Pages.984-995
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1226-3303(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2005-6648(eISSN)
대한내과학회 (The Korean Association of Internal Medicine)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

New insights into the genetics of fibromyalgia

  • Park, Dong-Jin (Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Shin-Seok (Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Hospital)
  • 투고 : 2016.06.22
  • 심사 : 2017.09.06
  • 발행 : 2017.11.01
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Although debate on the concept of fibromyalgia (FM) has been vigorous ever since the classification criteria were first published, FM is now better understood and has become recognized as a disorder. Recently, FM has come to be considered a major health problem, affecting 1% to 5% of the general population. As familial aggregations have been observed among some FM patients, genetic research on FM is logical. In fact, genome-wide association studies and linkage analysis, and studies on candidate genes, have uncovered associations between certain genetic factors and FM. Genetic susceptibility is now considered to influence the etiology of FM. At the same time, novel genetic techniques, such as microRNA analysis, have been used in attempts to improve our understanding of the genetic predisposition to FM. In this article, we review recent advances in, and continuing challenges to, the identification of genes contributing to the development of, and symptom severity in, FM.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : Chonnam National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, NRF

참고문헌

  1. Jakobsson U. The epidemiology of chronic pain in a general population: results of a survey in southern Sweden. Scand J Rheumatol 2010;39:421-429. https://doi.org/10.3109/03009741003685616
  2. Jones GT, Atzeni F, Beasley M, FluB E, Sarzi-Puttini P, Macfarlane GJ. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population: a comparison of the American College of Rheumatology 1990, 2010, and modified 2010 classification criteria. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015;67:568-575. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.38905
  3. Choi DH, Kim HS. Quantitative analysis of nailfold capillary morphology in patients with fibromyalgia. Korean J Intern Med 2015;30:531-537. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2015.30.4.531
  4. Son CN, Kim SH, Chang HW, Kim JM. A neurometabolite study of chronic daily headache in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using magnetic resonance spectroscopy: comparison with fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Korean J Intern Med 2016;31:1171-1177. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2015.196
  5. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010;62:600-610. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20140
  6. Kim SK, Kim SH, Lee CK, et al. Effect of fibromyalgia syndrome on the health-related quality of life and economic burden in Korea. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013;52:311-20. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kes255
  7. Doron Y, Peleg R, Peleg A, Neumann L, Buskila D. The clinical and economic burden of fibromyalgia compared with diabetes mellitus and hypertension among Bedouin women in the Negev. Fam Pract 2004;21:415-419. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmh411
  8. Spaeth M. Epidemiology, costs, and the economic burden of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11:117. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2715
  9. Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: a clinical review. JAMA 2014;311:1547-1555. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.3266
  10. Staud R, Vierck CJ, Cannon RL, Mauderli AP, Price DD. Abnormal sensitization and temporal summation of second pain (wind-up) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2001;91:165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00432-2
  11. Abeles AM, Pillinger MH, Solitar BM, Abeles M. Narrative review: the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:726-734. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-10-200705150-00006
  12. Mogil JS. Pain genetics: past, present and future. Trends Genet 2012;28:258-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2012.02.004
  13. Hocking LJ; Generation Scotland, Morris AD, et al. Heritability of chronic pain in 2195 extended families. Eur J Pain 2012;16:1053-1063. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00095.x
  14. Oertel B, Lotsch J. Genetic mutations that prevent pain: implications for future pain medication. Pharmacogenomics 2008;9:179-194. https://doi.org/10.2217/14622416.9.2.179
  15. LaCroix-Fralish ML, Austin JS, Zheng FY, Levitin DJ, Mogil JS. Patterns of pain: meta-analysis of microarray studies of pain. Pain 2011;152:1888-1898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.04.014
  16. Buskila D, Sarzi-Puttini P. Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. Genetic aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:218. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2005
  17. Pellegrino MJ, Waylonis GW, Sommer A. Familial occurrence of primary fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989;70:61-63.
  18. Buskila D, Neumann L, Hazanov I, Carmi R. Familial aggregation in the fibromyalgia syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1996;26:605-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-0172(96)80011-4
  19. Buskila D, Neumann L. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) and nonarticular tenderness in relatives of patients with FM. J Rheumatol 1997;24:941-944.
  20. Arnold LM, Hudson JI, Hess EV, et al. Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:944-952. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20042
  21. Arnold LM, Fan J, Russell IJ, et al. The fibromyalgia family study: a genome-wide linkage scan study. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65:1122-1128. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.37842
  22. Glazer Y, Buskila D, Cohen H, Ebstein RP, Neumann L. Differences in the personality profile of fibromyalgia patients and their relatives with and without fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010;28(6 Suppl 63):S27-S32.
  23. Norrgard K. Genetic variation and disease: GWAS. Nat Educ 2008;1:87.
  24. Feng J, Zhang Z, Wu X, et al. Discovery of potential new gene variants and inflammatory cytokine associations with fibromyalgia syndrome by whole exome sequencing. PLoS One 2013;8:e65033. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065033
  25. Docampo E, Escaramis G, Gratacos M, et al. Genomewide analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants in fibromyalgia suggest a role for the central nervous system. Pain 2014;155:1102-1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2014.02.016
  26. Peters MJ, Broer L, Willemen HL, et al. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of chronic widespread pain: evidence for involvement of the 5p15.2 region. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:427-436. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201742
  27. Dawn Teare M, Barrett JH. Genetic linkage studies. Lancet 2005;366:1036-1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67382-5
  28. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Vipraio GA, Fletcher EM, Javors MA, Bowden CA. Platelet 3H-imipramine uptake receptor density and serum serotonin levels in patients with fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome. J Rheumatol 1992;19:104-109.
  29. Russell IJ, Vaeroy H, Javors M, Nyberg F. Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1992;35:550-556. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780350509
  30. Wolfe F, Russell IJ, Vipraio G, Ross K, Anderson J. Serotonin levels, pain threshold, and fibromyalgia symptoms in the general population. J Rheumatol 1997;24:555-559.
  31. Eison AS, Mullins UL. Regulation of central 5-HT2A receptors: a review of in vivo studies. Behav Brain Res 1996;73:177-181.
  32. Kuzelova H, Ptacek R, Macek M. The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) variant and psychiatric disorders: review of current literature. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2010;31:4-10.
  33. Bondy B, Spaeth M, Offenbaecher M, et al. The T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A-receptor gene in fibromyalgia. Neurobiol Dis 1999;6:433-439. https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.1999.0262
  34. Mergener M, Becker RM, dos Santos AF, dos Santos GA, de Andrade FM. Influence of the interaction between environmental quality and T102C SNP in the HTR2A gene on fibromyalgia susceptibility. Rev Bras Reumatol 2011;51:594-602. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0482-50042011000600006
  35. Gursoy S, Erdal E, Herken H, Madenci E, Alasehirli B. Association of T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene with psychiatric status in fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2001;21:58-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002960100130
  36. Tander B, Gunes S, Boke O, et al. Polymorphisms of the serotonin-2A receptor and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes: a study on fibromyalgia susceptibility. Rheumatol Int 2008;28:685-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-008-0525-8
  37. Lee YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Candidate gene studies of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:417-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-010-1678-9
  38. Frank B, Niesler B, Bondy B, et al. Mutational analysis of serotonin receptor genes: HTR3A and HTR3B in fibromyalgia patients. Clin Rheumatol 2004;23:338-344.
  39. Offenbaecher M, Bondy B, de Jonge S, et al. Possible association of fibromyalgia with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:2482-2488. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199911)42:11<2482::AID-ANR27>3.0.CO;2-B
  40. Cohen H, Buskila D, Neumann L, Ebstein RP. Confirmation of an association between fibromyalgia and serotonin transporter promoter region (5- HTTLPR) polymorphism, and relationship to anxiety-related personality traits. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:845-847.
  41. Gursoy S. Absence of association of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with the mentally healthy subset of fibromyalgia patients. Clin Rheumatol 2002;21:194-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-002-8284-5
  42. Haus U, Varga B, Stratz T, Spath M, Muller W. Oral treatment of fibromyalgia with tropisetron given over 28 days: influence on functional and vegetative symptoms, psychometric parameters and pain. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 2000;113:55-58.
  43. Hrycaj P, Stratz T, Mennet P, Muller W. Pathogenetic aspects of responsiveness to ondansetron (5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist) in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a preliminary study. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1418-1423.
  44. Murphy DL, Andrews AM, Wichems CH, Li Q, Tohda M, Greenberg B. Brain serotonin neurotransmission: an overview and update with an emphasis on serotonin subsystem heterogeneity, multiple receptors, interactions with other neurotransmitter systems, and consequent implications for understanding the actions of serotonergic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59 Suppl 15:4-12.
  45. Matsumoto M, Weickert CS, Akil M, et al. Catechol Omethyltransferase mRNA expression in human and rat brain: evidence for a role in cortical neuronal function. Neuroscience 2003;116:127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00556-0
  46. Zubieta JK, Heitzeg MM, Smith YR, et al. COMT val-158met genotype affects mu-opioid neurotransmitter responses to a pain stressor. Science 2003;299:1240-1243. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078546
  47. Lachman HM, Papolos DF, Saito T, Yu YM, Szumlanski CL, Weinshilboum RM. Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacogenetics 1996;6:243-250. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008571-199606000-00007
  48. Matsuda JB, Barbosa FR, Morel LJ, et al. Serotonin receptor (5-HT 2A) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms: triggers of fibromyalgia? Rev Bras Reumatol 2010;50:141-149. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0482-50042010000200004
  49. Barbosa FR, Matsuda JB, Mazucato M, et al. Influence of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms in pain sensibility of Brazilian fibromialgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:427-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-010-1659-z
  50. Vargas-Alarcon G, Fragoso JM, Cruz-Robles D, et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene haplotypes in Mexican and Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther 2007;9:R110. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2316
  51. Gursoy S, Erdal E, Herken H, Madenci E, Alasehirli B, Erdal N. Significance of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism in fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2003;23:104-107.
  52. Cohen H, Neumann L, Glazer Y, Ebstein RP, Buskila D. The relationship between a common catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism val(158) met and fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009;27(5 Suppl 56):S51-S56.
  53. Martinez-Jauand M, Sitges C, Rodriguez V, et al. Pain sensitivity in fibromyalgia is associated with catechol-Omethyltransferase (COMT) gene. Eur J Pain 2013;17:16-27. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00153.x
  54. Finan PH, Zautra AJ, Davis MC, Lemery-Chalfant K, Covault J, Tennen H. COMT moderates the relation of daily maladaptive coping and pain in fibromyalgia. Pain 2011;152:300-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.024
  55. Potvin S, Larouche A, Normand E, et al. DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism is related to thermal pain perception and modulation in chronic widespread pain patients and healthy controls. J Pain 2009;10:969-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.03.013
  56. Park DJ, Kim SH, Nah SS, et al. Association between catechol-O-methyl transferase gene polymorphisms and fibromyalgia in a Korean population: a case-control study. Eur J Pain 2016;20:1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.837
  57. Lee YH, Kim JH, Song GG. Association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and fibromyalgia susceptibility and fibromyalgia impact questionnaire score: a meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int 2015;35:159-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-014-3075-2
  58. Zhang L, Zhu J, Chen Y, Zhao J. Meta-analysis reveals a lack of association between a common catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism val15 8met and fibromyalgia. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:8489-8497.
  59. Diatchenko L, Nackley AG, Slade GD, et al. Catechol-Omethyltransferase gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple pain-evoking stimuli. Pain 2006;125:216-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.05.024
  60. Jarcho JM, Mayer EA, Jiang ZK, Feier NA, London ED. Pain, affective symptoms, and cognitive deficits in patients with cerebral dopamine dysfunction. Pain 2012;153:744-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.01.002
  61. Wood PB. Role of central dopamine in pain and analgesia. Expert Rev Neurother 2008;8:781-797. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.8.5.781
  62. Malt EA, Olafsson S, Aakvaag A, Lund A, Ursin H. Altered dopamine D2 receptor function in fibromyalgia patients: a neuroendocrine study with buspirone in women with fibromyalgia compared to female population based controls. J Affect Disord 2003;75:77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00025-3
  63. Wood PB, Schweinhardt P, Jaeger E, et al. Fibromyalgia patients show an abnormal dopamine response to pain. Eur J Neurosci 2007;25:3576-3582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05623.x
  64. Holman AJ, Myers RR. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, in patients with fibromyalgia receiving concomitant medications. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:2495-2505. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21191
  65. Buskila D, Cohen H, Neumann L, Ebstein RP. An association between fibromyalgia and the dopamine D4 receptor exon III repeat polymorphism and relationship to novelty seeking personality traits. Mol Psychiatry 2004;9:730-731. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001506
  66. Park DJ, Kim SH, Nah SS, et al. Polymorphisms of the TRPV2 and TRPV3 genes associated with fibromyalgia in a Korean population. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016;55:1518-1527. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kew180
  67. Kim SK, Kim SH, Nah SS, et al. Association of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 gene polymorphisms with fibromyalgia syndrome in a Korean population. J Rheumatol 2013;40:316-322. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120929
  68. Thony B, Auerbach G, Blau N. Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, regeneration and functions. Biochem J 2000;347 Pt 1:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3470001
  69. Tegeder I, Costigan M, Griffin RS, et al. GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin regulate pain sensitivity and persistence. Nat Med 2006;12:1269-1277. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1490
  70. Larson AA, Giovengo SL, Russell IJ, Michalek JE. Changes in the concentrations of amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid that correlate with pain in patients with fibromyalgia: implications for nitric oxide pathways. Pain 2000;87:201-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00284-0
  71. Groth R, Aanonsen L. Spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces hyperalgesia in normal mice while antisense directed against either BDNF or trkB, prevent inflammation-induced hyperalgesia. Pain 2002;100:171-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00264-6
  72. Kerr BJ, Bradbury EJ, Bennett DL, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates nociceptive sensory inputs and NMDA-evoked responses in the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci 1999;19:5138-5148. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-12-05138.1999
  73. Juhasz G, Dunham JS, McKie S, et al. The CREB1-BDNFNTRK2 pathway in depression: multiple gene-cognitionenvironment interactions. Biol Psychiatry 2011;69:762-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.019
  74. Murphy GM Jr, Sarginson JE, Ryan HS, O'Hara R, Schatzberg AF, Lazzeroni LC. BDNF and CREB1 genetic variants interact to affect antidepressant treatment outcomes in geriatric depression. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013;23:301-313. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0b013e328360b175
  75. Smith SB, Maixner DW, Fillingim RB, et al. Large candidate gene association study reveals genetic risk factors and therapeutic targets for fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:584-593. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.33338
  76. Eglen RM, Hunter JC, Dray A. Ions in the fire: recent ionchannel research and approaches to pain therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1999;20:337-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(99)01372-3
  77. Dib-Hajj SD, Cummins TR, Black JA, Waxman SG. Sodium channels in normal and pathological pain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2010;33:325-347. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153234
  78. Vargas-Alarcon G, Alvarez-Leon E, Fragoso JM, et al. A SCN9A gene-encoded dorsal root ganglia sodium channel polymorphism associated with severe fibromyalgia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012;13:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-13-23
  79. Vargas-Alarcon G, Fragoso JM, Cruz-Robles D, et al. Association of adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms with different fibromyalgia syndrome domains. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:2169-2173. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24655
  80. Small KM, McGraw DW, Liggett SB. Pharmacology and physiology of human adrenergic receptor polymorphisms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003;43:381-411. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.135823
  81. Bjersing JL, Lundborg C, Bokarewa MI, Mannerkorpi K. Profile of cerebrospinal microRNAs in fibromyalgia. PLoS One 2013;8:e78762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078762
  82. Bjersing JL, Bokarewa MI, Mannerkorpi K. Profile of circulating microRNAs in fibromyalgia and their relation to symptom severity: an exploratory study. Rheumatol Int 2015;35:635-642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-014-3139-3

피인용 문헌

  1. Personality Traits in Fibromyalgia (FM): Does FM Personality Exists? A Systematic Review vol.14, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010223
  2. The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Chronic Pain Patients vol.19, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061707
  3. Association of neuropathic-like pain characteristics with clinical and radiographic features in patients with ankylosing spondylitis vol.37, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-018-4125-z
  4. Association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and fibromyalgia in a Korean population: a multicenter study vol.20, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1726-5
  5. Immune System Sex Differences May Bridge the Gap Between Sex and Gender in Fibromyalgia vol.13, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01414
  6. The relationship between chronotype, sleep disturbance, severity of fibromyalgia, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia vol.37, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2019.1684314
  7. 5ʹUTR polymorphism in the serotonergic receptor HTR3A gene is differently associated with striatal Dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the right putamen in Fibromyalgia patients and healthy c vol.74, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.22147
  8. The Influence of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Genetic Variants in the Development of Fibromyalgia: A Traditional Review vol.12, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10276
  9. Assessing our approach to diagnosing Fibromyalgia vol.20, pp.12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2020.1858054
  10. Fibromyalgia: A Review of Related Polymorphisms and Clinical Relevance vol.93, pp.suppl4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210618
  11. The Search for Biomarkers in Fibromyalgia vol.11, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020156
  12. Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density as Measured by Skin Punch Biopsy as a Marker for Small Fiber Neuropathy: Application in Patients with Fibromyalgia vol.11, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030536
  13. Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update vol.22, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083891
  14. Fear of pain moderates the relationship between self-reported fatigue and methionine allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene in patients with fibromyalgia vol.16, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250547
  15. DNA methylation changes in genes involved in inflammation and depression in fibromyalgia: a pilot study vol.21, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2020-0124
  16. Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Study vol.10, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091902
  17. Comparison of the AAPT Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria and Modified FAS Criteria with Existing ACR Criteria for Fibromyalgia in Korean Patients vol.8, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40744-021-00318-8
  18. Genome-wide association study identifies RNF123 locus as associated with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain vol.80, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219624