The Korean journal of internal medicine

The Korean Association of Internal Medicine (대한내과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Linking resistin, inflammation, and cardiometabolic diseases

  • Park, Hyeong Kyu (Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kwak, Mi Kyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hye Jeong (Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ahima, Rexford S. (Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)
  • Received : 2016.07.15
  • Accepted : 2017.02.08
  • Published : 2017.03.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Adipose tissue secretes a variety of bioactive substances that are associated with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While resistin was first known as an adipocyte-secreted hormone (adipokine) linked to obesity and insulin resistance in rodents, it is predominantly expressed and secreted by macrophages in humans. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate that increased resistin levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Resistin also appears to mediate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, arterial inflammation, and the formation of foam cells. Thus, resistin is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that resistin is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. The present review will focus on the role of human resistin in the pathogeneses of inflammation and obesity-related diseases.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Institutes of Health

References

  1. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature 2001;409:307-312. https://doi.org/10.1038/35053000
  2. Patel L, Buckels AC, Kinghorn IJ, et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;300:472-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3
  3. Patel SD, Rajala MW, Rossetti L, Scherer PE, Shapiro L. Disulfide-dependent multimeric assembly of resistin family hormones. Science 2004;304:1154-1158. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1093466
  4. Tomaru T, Steger DJ, Lefterova MI, Schupp M, Lazar MA. Adipocyte-specific expression of murine resistin is mediated by synergism between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 2009;284:6116-6125. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M808407200
  5. Schwartz DR, Lazar MA. Human resistin: found in translation from mouse to man. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2011;22:259-265.
  6. Park HK, Ahima RS. Resistin in rodents and humans. Diabetes Metab J 2013;37:404-414. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.404
  7. Novick D, Barak S, Ilan N, Vlodavsky I. Heparanase interacts with resistin and augments its activity. PLoS One 2014;9:e85944. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085944
  8. Lazar MA. Resistin- and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Horm Metab Res 2007;39:710-716. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-985897
  9. Song R, Wang X, Mao Y, et al. Resistin disrupts glycogen synthesis under high insulin and high glucose levels by down-regulating the hepatic levels of GSK3beta. Gene 2013;529:50-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.085
  10. Daquinag AC, Zhang Y, Amaya-Manzanares F, Simmons PJ, Kolonin MG. An isoform of decorin is a resistin receptor on the surface of adipose progenitor cells. Cell Stem Cell 2011;9:74-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2011.05.017
  11. Sanchez-Solana B, Laborda J, Baladron V. Mouse resistin modulates adipogenesis and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through the ROR1 receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2012;26:110-127. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2011-1027
  12. Banerjee RR, Rangwala SM, Shapiro JS, et al. Regulation of fasted blood glucose by resistin. Science 2004;303:1195-1198. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092341
  13. Satoh H, Nguyen MT, Miles PD, Imamura T, Usui I, Olefsky JM. Adenovirus-mediated chronic “hyper-resistinemia” leads to in vivo insulin resistance in normal rats. J Clin Invest 2004;114:224-231. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI20785
  14. Muse ED, Obici S, Bhanot S, et al. Role of resistin in diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2004;114:232-239. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI200421270
  15. Steppan CM, Wang J, Whiteman EL, Birnbaum MJ, Lazar MA. Activation of SOCS-3 by resistin. Mol Cell Biol 2005;25:1569-1575. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.4.1569-1575.2005
  16. Filkova M, Haluzik M, Gay S, Senolt L. The role of resistin as a regulator of inflammation: Implications for various human pathologies. Clin Immunol 2009;133:157-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2009.07.013
  17. Jamaluddin MS, Weakley SM, Yao Q, Chen C. Resistin: functional roles and therapeutic considerations for cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2012;165:622-632. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01369.x
  18. Bokarewa M, Nagaev I, Dahlberg L, Smith U, Tarkowski A. Resistin, an adipokine with potent proinflammatory properties. J Immunol 2005;174:5789-5795. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5789
  19. Jung HS, Park KH, Cho YM, et al. Resistin is secreted from macrophages in atheromas and promotes atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2006;69:76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.09.015
  20. Hsu WY, Chao YW, Tsai YL, et al. Resistin induces monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by increasing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells via p38MAPK-dependent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2011;226:2181-2188. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22555
  21. Manduteanu I, Pirvulescu M, Gan AM, et al. Similar effects of resistin and high glucose on P-selectin and fractalkine expression and monocyte adhesion in human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010;391:1443-1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.12.089
  22. Jamaluddin MS, Yan S, Lu J, Liang Z, Yao Q, Chen C. Resistin increases monolayer permeability of human coronary artery endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013;8:e84576. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084576
  23. Chen C, Jiang J, Lu JM, et al. Resistin decreases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through oxidative stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010;299:H193-H201. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2009
  24. Qiu W, Chen N, Zhang Q, et al. Resistin increases platelet P-selectin levels via p38 MAPK signal pathway. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014;11:121-124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164113513912
  25. Codoner-Franch P, Alonso-Iglesias E. Resistin: insulin resistance to malignancy. Clin Chim Acta 2015;438:46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.043
  26. Huang X, Yang Z. Resistin's, obesity and insulin resistance: the continuing disconnect between rodents and humans. J Endocrinol Invest 2016;39:607-615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0408-2
  27. Qatanani M, Szwergold NR, Greaves DR, Ahima RS, Lazar MA. Macrophage-derived human resistin exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. J Clin Invest 2009;119:531-539. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI37273
  28. Park HK, Qatanani M, Briggs ER, Ahima RS, Lazar MA. Inflammatory induction of human resistin causes insulin resistance in endotoxemic mice. Diabetes 2011;60:775-783. https://doi.org/10.2337/db10-1416
  29. Graveleau C, Zaha VG, Mohajer A, et al. Mouse and human resistins impair glucose transport in primary mouse cardiomyocytes, and oligomerization is required for this biological action. J Biol Chem 2005;280:31679-31685. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M504008200
  30. Sheng CH, Du ZW, Song Y, et al. Human resistin inhibits myogenic differentiation and induces insulin resistance in myocytes. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:804632.
  31. Luo Z, Zhang Y, Li F, et al. Resistin induces insulin resistance by both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent mechanisms in HepG2 cells. Endocrine 2009;36:60-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-009-9198-7
  32. Chen BH, Song Y, Ding EL, et al. Circulating levels of resistin and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women: results from two prospective cohorts. Diabetes Care 2009;32:329-334. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1625
  33. Tarkowski A, Bjersing J, Shestakov A, Bokarewa MI. Resistin competes with lipopolysaccharide for binding to toll-like receptor 4. J Cell Mol Med 2010;14(6B):1419-1431.
  34. Lee S, Lee HC, Kwon YW, et al. Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 is a receptor for human resistin and mediates inflammatory actions of human monocytes. Cell Metab 2014;19:484-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.013
  35. Benomar Y, Gertler A, De Lacy P, et al. Central resistin overexposure induces insulin resistance through Tolllike receptor 4. Diabetes 2013;62:102-114. https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-0237
  36. Ding Q, White SP, Ling C, Zhou W. Resistin and cardiovascular disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2011;21:20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2012.01.004
  37. Lee SH, Ha JW, Kim JS, et al. Plasma adiponectin and resistin levels as predictors of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: data from infarction prognosis study registry. Coron Artery Dis 2009;20:33-39. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0b013e328318ecb0
  38. Menzaghi C, Bacci S, Salvemini L, et al. Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2014;8:e64729.
  39. Khera AV, Qamar A, Murphy SA, Cannon CP, Sabatine MS, Rader DJ. On-statin resistin, leptin, and risk of recurrent coronary events after hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome (from the pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy-thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 22 study). Am J Cardiol 2015;116:694-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.05.038
  40. Wang BW, Hung HF, Chang H, Kuan P, Shyu KG. Mechanical stretch enhances the expression of resistin gene in cultured cardiomyocytes via tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;293:H2305-H2312. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00361.2007
  41. Chemaly ER, Hadri L, Zhang S, et al. Long-term in vivo resistin overexpression induces myocardial dysfunction and remodeling in rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011;51:144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.04.006
  42. Gao J, Chang Chua C, Chen Z, et al. Resistin, an adipocytokine, offers protection against acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007;43:601-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.08.009
  43. Rothwell SE, Richards AM, Pemberton CJ. Resistin worsens cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;349:400-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.052
  44. Schwartz DR, Briggs ER, Qatanani M, et al. Human resistin in chemotherapy-induced heart failure in humanized male mice and in women treated for breast cancer. Endocrinology 2013;154:4206-4214. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1399
  45. Menzaghi C, Coco A, Salvemini L, et al. Heritability of serum resistin and its genetic correlation with insulin resistance-related features in nondiabetic Caucasians. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:2792-2795. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-2715
  46. Osawa H, Tabara Y, Kawamoto R, et al. Plasma resistin, associated with single nucleotide polymorphism -420, is correlated with insulin resistance, lower HDL cholesterol, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the Japanese general population. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1501-1506. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-1936
  47. Cho YM, Youn BS, Chung SS, et al. Common genetic polymorphisms in the promoter of resistin gene are major determinants of plasma resistin concentrations in humans. Diabetologia 2004;47:559-565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1319-x
  48. Xu JY, Sham PC, Xu A, et al. Resistin gene polymorphisms and progression of glycaemia in southern Chinese: a 5-year prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007;66:211-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02710.x
  49. El-Shal AS, Pasha HF, Rashad NM. Association of resistin gene polymorphisms with insulin resistance in Egyptian obese patients. Gene 2013;515:233-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.136
  50. Norata GD, Ongari M, Garlaschelli K, Raselli S, Grigore L, Catapano AL. Plasma resistin levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2007;156:279-284. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02338
  51. Singh AK, Tiwari S, Gupta A, Natu SM, Mittal B, Pant AB. Association of resistin with metabolic syndrome in Indian subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012;10:286-291. https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2011.0128
  52. Owecki M, Nikisch E, Miczke A, Pupek-Musialik D, Sowinski J. Serum resistin is related to plasma HDL cholesterol and inversely correlated with LDL cholesterol in diabetic and obese humans. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2010;31:673-678.
  53. Cabrera de Leon A, Almeida Gonzalez D, Gonzalez Hernandez A, et al. Relationships between serum resistin and fat intake, serum lipid concentrations and adiposity in the general population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014;21:454-462. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.22103
  54. Abate N, Sallam HS, Rizzo M, et al. Resistin: an inflammatory cytokine: role in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2014;20:4961-4969. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612819666131206103102
  55. Costandi J, Melone M, Zhao A, Rashid S. Human resistin stimulates hepatic overproduction of atherogenic ApoB-containing lipoprotein particles by enhancing ApoB stability and impairing intracellular insulin signaling. Circ Res 2011;108:727-742. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.238949
  56. Rashid S, Kastelein JJ. PCSK9 and resistin at the crossroads of the atherogenic dyslipidemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013;11:1567-1577. https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2013.839204
  57. Melone M, Wilsie L, Palyha O, Strack A, Rashid S. Discovery of a new role of human resistin in hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein receptor suppression mediated in part by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1697-1705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.064
  58. Horton JD, Cohen JC, Hobbs HH. PCSK9: a convertase that coordinates LDL catabolism. J Lipid Res 2009;50 Suppl:S172-S177. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R800091-JLR200
  59. Hampton EN, Knuth MW, Li J, Harris JL, Lesley SA, Spraggon G. The self-inhibited structure of full-length PCSK9 at 1.9 A reveals structural homology with resistin within the C-terminal domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:14604-14609. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703402104
  60. Li S, Xu RX, Zhang Y, et al. Relation of resistin to proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 levels in coronary artery disease patients with different nutritional status. J Endocrinol Invest 2015;38:1291-1299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0310-y
  61. Kosari S, Rathner JA, Chen F, Kosari S, Badoer E. Centrally administered resistin enhances sympathetic nerve activity to the hindlimb but attenuates the activity to brown adipose tissue. Endocrinology 2011;152:2626-2633. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1492
  62. Badoer E, Kosari S, Stebbing MJ. Resistin, an adipokine with non-generalized actions on sympathetic nerve activity. Front Physiol 2015;6:321.
  63. Takata Y, Osawa H, Kurata M, et al. Hyperresistinemia is associated with coexistence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Hypertension 2008;51:534-539. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.103077
  64. Thomopoulos C, Daskalaki M, Papazachou O, et al. Association of resistin and adiponectin with different clinical blood pressure phenotypes. J Hum Hypertens 2011;25:38-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.22
  65. Papadopoulos DP, Makris TK, Perrea D, et al. Adiponectin: insulin and resistin plasma levels in young healthy offspring of patients with essential hypertension. Blood Press 2008;17:50-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/08037050701876307
  66. Zhang L, Curhan GC, Forman JP. Plasma resistin levels associate with risk for hypertension among nondiabetic women. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;21:1185-1191. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2009101053

Cited by

  1. The Relation between Periodontopathogenic Bacterial Levels and Resistin in the Saliva of Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients vol.2017, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2643079
  2. Adipokine Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis vol.2017, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5468023
  3. Salusin- β Is Involved in Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via Degradation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma vol.2017, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6905217
  4. Evolution and bad prognostic value of advanced glycation end products after acute heart failure: relation with body composition vol.16, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0598-3
  5. Plasma Resistin Levels in Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection: A Propensity Score-Matched Observational Case-Control Study vol.24, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.909469
  6. Increased Circulation and Adipose Tissue Levels of DNAJC27/RBJ in Obesity and Type 2-Diabetes vol.9, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00423
  7. Resistin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes to the Impairment of Insulin Signaling in Endothelium vol.9, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01226
  8. Past and Current Status of Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service Database Analysis vol.42, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.42.2.93
  9. Addressing the Perfect Storm: Biomarkers in Obesity and Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Risk vol.64, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.275172
  10. Immune-centric network of cytokines and cells in disease context identified by computational mining of PubMed vol.36, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4152
  11. Ascitic fluid regulates the local innate immune response of patients with cirrhosis vol.104, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/jlb.3a0218-072r
  12. The Acute Effect of Oleic- or Linoleic Acid-Containing Meals on Appetite and Metabolic Markers; A Pilot Study in Overweight or Obese Individuals vol.10, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101376
  13. Circulating levels of adipose tissue-derived inflammatory factors in elderly diabetes patients with carotid atherosclerosis: a retrospective study vol.17, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-018-0723-y
  14. High plasma resistin associates with severe acute kidney injury in Puumala hantavirus infection vol.13, pp.12, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208017
  15. The Complex Interactions Between Obesity, Metabolism and the Brain vol.13, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00513
  16. Resistin is a prognostic factor for death in type 2 diabetes vol.35, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3098
  17. PCSK9: A novel inflammation modulator in atherosclerosis? vol.234, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27254
  18. Correlates of resistin and retinol-binding protein 4 in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes vol.37, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2018-0051
  19. Correlates of resistin and retinol-binding protein 4 in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes vol.37, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2018-0051
  20. Masked arterial hypertension: prevalence, pathophysiological determinants and clinical significance vol.2019, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-9-92-98
  21. Relationship Between Intermittent Hypoxia and Type 2 Diabetes in Sleep Apnea Syndrome vol.20, pp.19, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194756
  22. Association of Resistin Gene Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes in Khuzestan Province vol.6, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5812/gct.98034
  23. Altered adipose tissue and adipocyte function in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome vol.129, pp.10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1172/jci129187
  24. Relevance of Leptin and Other Adipokines in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk vol.11, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112664
  25. Implications of resistin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: Impairing insulin function and inducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines vol.234, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28913
  26. Plasma concentration and expression of adipokines in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue are associated with impaired left ventricular filling pattern vol.17, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-019-2060-7
  27. Sex-specific lipid molecular signatures in obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions revealed by lipidomic characterization in ob/ob mouse vol.10, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-019-0225-y
  28. Testosterone deficiency and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus vol.22, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14341/dm10232
  29. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases vol.11, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.578966
  30. Emerging Role of Adipocyte Dysfunction in Inducing Heart Failure Among Obese Patients With Prediabetes and Known Diabetes Mellitus vol.7, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.583175
  31. Neutrophil Adaptations upon Recruitment to the Lung: New Concepts and Implications for Homeostasis and Disease vol.21, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030851
  32. Relationship between plasma S-Klotho and cardiometabolic risk in sedentary adults vol.12, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102771
  33. MiRNAs as Novel Adipokines: Obesity-Related Circulating MiRNAs Influence Chemosensitivity in Cancer Patients vol.6, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna6010005
  34. Alliin, An Allium sativum Nutraceutical, Reduces Metaflammation Markers in DIO Mice vol.12, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030624
  35. Metabolic Syndrome Is Reduced in C57BL/6J Mice Fed High-Fat Diets Supplemented with Oak Tannins vol.4, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa033
  36. Selected adipocytokines in patients with an incidentally discovered pheochromocytoma vol.45, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03007-4
  37. The Effect of the Ultra-Marathon Run at a Distance of 100 Kilometers on the Concentration of Selected Adipokines in Adult Men vol.17, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124289
  38. Diet: A Specific Part of the Western Lifestyle Pack in the Asthma Epidemic vol.9, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072063
  39. Insulin resistance and serum levels of adipokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis vol.29, pp.9, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203320935185
  40. Resistin family proteins in pulmonary diseases vol.319, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00040.2020
  41. New opportunities for the correction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypogonadism vol.17, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14341/omet12495
  42. Targeted urine proteomics in lupus nephritis - a meta-analysis vol.17, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2020.1874356
  43. The GEF Cytohesin-2/ARNO Mediates Resistin induced Phenotypic Switching in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells vol.10, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60446-z
  44. Principal component analysis of adipocytokines and insulin associate with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases vol.13, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-04976-9
  45. Adipokines in the Skin and in Dermatological Diseases vol.21, pp.23, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239048
  46. Early-life programming of adipose tissue vol.33, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954422420000037
  47. POSSIBILITIES OF FORECASTING COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME vol.17, pp.78, 2017, https://doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2021-4-78-120-125
  48. Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response vol.22, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010384
  49. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Impact vol.9, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010135
  50. Time-Restricted Eating and Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Future Perspectives vol.13, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010221
  51. Can serum resistin predict severity of acute pancreatitis? vol.26, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750x.2020.1841295
  52. A Focused Review of the Metabolic Side-Effects of Clozapine vol.12, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.609240
  53. Factors Affecting Metabolic Outcomes Post Bariatric Surgery: Role of Adipose Tissue vol.10, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040714
  54. Mechanisms of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Metabolic Syndrome. A Narrative Review vol.10, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020270
  55. The Long-Term Effects of High-Fat and High-Protein Diets on the Metabolic and Endocrine Activity of Adipocytes in Rats vol.10, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040339
  56. Melanoma Progression under Obesity: Focus on Adipokines vol.13, pp.9, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092281
  57. Microvesicles in plasma reflect coronary flow reserve in patients with cardiovascular disease vol.320, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00869.2020
  58. Adropin Slightly Modulates Lipolysis, Lipogenesis and Expression of Adipokines but Not Glucose Uptake in Rodent Adipocytes vol.12, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12060914
  59. The Role of Adipokines in Cardiovascular Pathology vol.9, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7661
  60. Obesity is the basis of metabolic syndrome vol.18, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.14341/omet12707
  61. The paradox of the role of resistin in early-onset obesity hypertension: A comparative study among four Chinese adult subgroups vol.43, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2021.1883049
  62. Expression of Resistin, Chemerin, and Chemerin’s Receptor in the Unstable Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque vol.52, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.030228
  63. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions vol.11, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080551
  64. Association of Adiponectin, Leptin and Resistin Plasma Concentrations with Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease vol.11, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101774
  65. Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin Extract Enhances PPAR-α, PPAR-γ Expression and Reduces I/M Ratio in Aorta, Increases LXR-α Expression and Alters Adipokines a vol.13, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103621
  66. Long-term obesity is associated with depression and neuroinflammation vol.65, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000400
  67. Salivary Adipokine and Cytokine Levels as Potential Markers for the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders vol.22, pp.21, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111703
  68. The Beneficial Effects of Essential Oils in Anti-Obesity Treatment vol.22, pp.21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111832
  69. Innate-Immunity Genes in Obesity vol.11, pp.11, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111201
  70. Positive effect of combined exercise on adipokines levels and pubertal signs in overweight and obese girls with central precocious puberty vol.20, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01588-5
  71. Measurement of Plasma Resistin Concentrations in Horses with Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders vol.12, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010077
  72. The Beneficial Additive Effect of Silymarin in Metformin Therapy of Liver Steatosis in a Pre-Diabetic Model vol.14, pp.1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010045
  73. Severity Biomarkers in Puumala Hantavirus Infection vol.14, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010045