A Case Study on Social Enterprises as Social Venture in Korea

소셜 벤처로서 사회적 기업에 대한 사례연구

  • 황선일 (연세대학교 경영연구소)
  • Received : 2017.02.23
  • Accepted : 2017.04.27
  • Published : 2017.08.31

Abstract

As Korea experienced a Asian foreign exchange crisis in 1997 and a world financial crisis in 2008, the social structure of Korea has undergone many changes. The problem of polarization has become more serious, and the social class has become harder to move between strata. This problem has been accompanied by a growing sense of crisis that the power of social development can be lost along with the problem of population cliffs. Behind the crisis is a reflection of the fact that the growth-oriented economic policies and welfare policies implemented in various European countries can not solve the problem. As an alternative to this, the emergence of social enterprises is attracting attention. Social enterprises have the characteristic of seeking to generate economic profit in order to achieve the purpose of the public interest to provide jobs to the underprivileged. In recent years, the importance of social ventures to expand the scope of new social enterprises in innovative ways has increased. The social venture is a venture business in that it takes risks to develop new areas, not existing business areas, but it also has the character of a social enterprise to achieve the public interest. In other words, an innovative corporate model that provides a creative and challenging solution of social problems in the venture spirit. Although the interest and importance of social enterprises and social ventures are increasing, this academic research is still lacking. The purpose of this study is to introduce and analyze cases of successful social enterprises and social ventures in order to reflect these social interests and their importance and to fill the gap of previous studies. In addition, I hope that this study will stimulate interest and research on the start - up of social venture.

1997년의 외환위기와 2008년 금융위기를 겪으면서 한국의 사회구조는 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 양극화의 문제가 더 심각해졌고, 사회적 계층의 고착화로서 계층간 이동이 어려워졌다. 이러한 문제는 인구절벽의 문제와 더불어 사회 발전의 동력을 잃어버릴 수 있다는 위기감이 높아지는 결과를 가져왔다. 그리고 위기감의 이면에는 기존의 성장위주의 경제정책과 유럽의 여러나라에서 실시한 복지 정책으로는 문제를 해결할 수 없다는 현실이 반영되어 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 사회적 기업의 등장이 주목을 받고 있다. 사회적 기업은 사회소외 계층에게 일자리를 제공한다는 공익의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 경제적 수익을 만들어내는 것을 추구하는 특성을 가지고 있다. 최근들어서는 혁신적인 방법으로 새로운 사회적 기업의 영역을 넓혀가는 소셜 벤처들의 중요성이 증대하고 있다. 소셜 벤처는 기존의 사업영역이 아닌 새로운 영역을 개척하기 위해 위험을 감수한다는 측면에서 벤처기업의 성격이 있지만 공익달성이라는 사회적 기업의 성격도 동시에 가지고 있는 것이 특징이다. 즉, 창의적이고 도전적인 벤처 정신으로 사회문제의 솔루션을 제공하는 혁신적인 기업 모델인 것이다. 우리나라에서는 한국 사회적 기업 진흥원에서 소셜 벤처를 육성하기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이러한 사회적 기업, 소셜 벤처 등에 대한 관심과 중요성은 점차 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 이러한 학문적 연구는 아직까지 부족한 편이다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 사회적 관심과 중요성을 반영하고, 선행연구의 부족함을 보완하기 위하여 성공적인 사회적 기업, 소셜 벤처의 사례를 소개하고 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 아울러 본 연구를 통하여 소셜 벤처의 창업에 대한 관심과 연구가 활성화되길 기대한다.

Keywords

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