Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant Activities and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Ability of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Fructus Seed Extracts

치자(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus) 종자 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 지질과산화 저해능

  • Kang, Dong-Soo (Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Jin, Dong-Hyeok (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Oh, Da-Young (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Han-Soo (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pusan National University)
  • 강동수 (전남대학교 해양바이오식품학과) ;
  • 진동혁 (부산대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 오다영 (부산대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김한수 (부산대학교 식품공학과)
  • Received : 2017.05.11
  • Accepted : 2017.08.09
  • Published : 2017.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of extracts from the seeds of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE) found in Namhae, Korea. Extraction was performed using three solvents, 70% methanol, Distilled Water (DW), and Ethyl Acetate (EA). We determined the total phenol and phytic acid contents of the extracts to evaluate their nitrogen oxide scavenging activity, antioxidant activity, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability. The phytic acid content of GJE was found to be 1.157 mg PAE (Phytic Acid Equivalent) /g DW. The yields of the three extraction processes were as follows: DW, 36.61%; 70% methanol, 30.10%; and EA, 20.40%. The physiological activities of the extract solvents increased significantly with increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/mL) (p<0.05), but were lower than those of ascorbic acid, BHA, and trolox. Total phenol content was the highest in the 70% methanol extract, followed by DW and EA extracts. Further, nitrogen oxide scavenging activity and antioxidant activity were the highest for the 70% methanol extract followed by DW and EA extracts. Based on these results, the bioactivities of the 70% methanol and DW extracts of GJ seeds were excellent. These extracts can be used as natural antioxidants.

Keywords

References

  1. Banerjee, B. D., Seth, V., Bhattacharya, A., Pasha, S. T., Chakraborty, A. K., 1999, Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers, Toxicol. Lett., 107, 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(99)00029-6
  2. Beckman, J. S., Koppenol, W. H., 1996, Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: The good, the bad, and ugly, Amer. J. Physiol.: Cell Physiol., 271, C1424-C1437. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.5.C1424
  3. Bravo, L., 1998, Polyphenols: Chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance, Nutr. Rev., 56, 317-333.
  4. Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., Corke, H., 2004, Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer, Life Sci., 74, 2157-2184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047
  5. Esterbauer, H., 1993, Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of lipid-oxidation products, American J. Clin. Nutr., 57, 779S-785S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.5.779S
  6. Graf, E., Eaton, J. W., 1990, Antioxidant functions of phytic acid, Free Radical Biol. Med., 8, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(90)90146-A
  7. Green, L. C., Wagner, D. A., Glogowski, J., Skipper, P. L., Wishnok, J. S., Tannenbaum, S. R., 1982, Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15 N] nitrate in biological fluids, Anal. Biochem., 126, 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X
  8. Hwang, J. S., Lee, B. H., An, X., Jeong, H. R., Kim, Y. E., Lee, I., Lee, H., Kim, D. O., 2015, Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in the leaves, bulbs, and roots of Allium hookeri, Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol., 47, 261-266. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2015.47.2.261
  9. Jin, D. H., Kim, H. S., Seong, J. H., Chung, H. S., 2016, Comparison of total phenol, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger extracts, J. Environ. Sci. Int., 25, 695-703. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.5.695
  10. Kahkonen, M. P., Hopia, A. I., Heinonen, M., 2001, Berry phenolics and their antioxidant activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 4076-4082. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010152t
  11. Kang, Y. H., Park, Y. K., Lee, G. D., 1996, The nitrite scavenging and electron donating ability of phenolic compounds, Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol., 28, 232-239.
  12. Khattak, A. B., Zeb, A., Bibi, N., Khalil, S. A., Khattak, M. S., 2007, Influence of germination techniques on phytic acid and polyphenols content of chickpea (Cicerarietinum L.) sprouts, Food Chem., 104, 1074-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.022
  13. Koo, S. T., Cho, M. S., Park, S. S., Kim, Y. T., Park, K. J., Kim, K. S., Sohn, I. C., 2005, Effect of frutus gardeniae herbal acupuncture on the rat model of ankle sprain pain, Kor. J. Acupunct., 22, 57-74.
  14. Lee, I. A., Lee, J. H., Baek, N. I., Kim, D. H., 2005, Antihyperlipidemic effect of crocin isolated from the fructus of Gardenia jasminoides and its metabolite crocetin, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 28, 2106-2110. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.2106
  15. Lee, W. J., 1989, Phytic acid content and phytase acivity of barley, J. Kor. Soc. Food Sci. Nutr., 18, 40-46.
  16. Luthria, D. L., Lu, Y., John, K. M., 2015, Bioactive phytochemicals in wheat: Extraction, analysis, processing, and functional properties, J. Funct. Foods, 18, 910-925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.001
  17. Marietta, M., 1994, Nitric oxide synthase: Aspects concerning structure and catalysis, Cell, 78, 927-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90268-2
  18. Menrad, K., 2003, Market and marketing of functional food in Europe, J. Food Eng., 56, 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00247-9
  19. Midorikawa, K., Murata, M., Oikawa, S., Hiraku, Y., Kawanishi, S., 2001, Protective effect of phytic acid on oxidative DNA damage with reference to cancer chemoprevention, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 288, 552-557. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.5808
  20. Pastore, D., Trono, D., Padalino, L., Simone, S., Valenti, D., Fonzo, N. D., Passarella, S., 2000, Inhibition by ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and L-ascorbate of linoleate hydroperoxidation and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching activities in durum wheat semolina, J. Cereal Sci., 31, 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1999.0278
  21. Pham, T. Q., Cormier, F., Farnworth, E., Tong, V. H., Van Calsteren, M. R., 2000, Antioxidant properties of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and study of the reactions of crocin with linoleic acid and crocin with oxygen, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 1455-1461. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991263j
  22. Pulido, R., Bravo, L., Saura-Calixto, F., 2000, Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 3396-3402. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9913458
  23. Shin, H. J., 2007, A trend in research and development of natural gardenia pigments, Kor. Soc. Biotech. Bioeng. J., 22, 271-277.
  24. Singhal, M., Paul, A., Singh, H. P., 2014, Synthesis and reducing power assay of methyl semicarbazone derivatives, J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 18, 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.06.004
  25. Siriwardhana, N., Lee, K. W., Jeon, Y. J., Kim, S. H., Haw, J. W., 2003, Antioxidant activity of Hizikia fusiformis on reactive oxygen species scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition, Food Sci. Technol. Int., 9, 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013203039014
  26. Swain, T., Hillis, W. E., 1959, The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents, J. Sci. Food Agric., 10, 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740100110
  27. Tabekhia, M. M., Luh, B. S., 1980, Effect of germination, cooking, and canning on phosphorus and phytate retention in dry beans, J. Food Sci., 45, 406-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1980.tb02631.x
  28. Takada, H., Kokubo, K., Matsubayashi, K., Oshima, T., 2006, Antioxidant activity of supramolecular water-soluble fullerenes evaluated by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 70, 3088-3093. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60491
  29. Vanacker, S. A., Tromp, M. N., Haenen, G. R., Vandervijgh, W. J. F., Bast, A., 1995, Flavonoids as scavengers of nitric oxide radical, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 214, 755-759. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1995.2350
  30. Yamamoto, Y., Brodsky, M. H., Baker, J. C., Ames, B. N., 1987, Detection and characterization of lipid hydroperoxides at picomole levels by high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Biochem., 160, 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90606-3
  31. Yoon, J. H., Thompson, L. U., Jenkins, D. J., 1983, The effect of phytic acid on in vitro rate of starch digestibility and blood glucose response, American J. Clin. Nutr., 38, 835-842. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/38.6.835
  32. Zhou, J. R., Erdman Jr, J. W., 1995, Phytic acid in health and disease, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 35, 495-508. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399509527712