Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Engineers (대한환경공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Removal Characteristics of Geosmin and MIB in BAC Process : Biodegradation and Adsorption

생물활성탄 공정에서 Geosmin과 MIB의 제거 특성 : 생물분해와 흡착

  • 손희종 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 이정규 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 김상구 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 박홍기 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소) ;
  • 정은영 (부산광역시 상수도사업본부 수질연구소)
  • Received : 2017.03.09
  • Accepted : 2017.05.04
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We evaluated geosmin and MIB biodegradation and adsorption mechanism of biological activated carbon (BAC) and anthracite biofilter. In steady state of BAC process, the geosmin and MIB were completely removed at the 30 min empty bed contact time (EBCT) even though low water temperature ($9^{\circ}C$) in which the activity of attached bacteria decreased. When the water temperature was $26^{\circ}C$, the microbial biomass and activity were higher at the upper layer of the biofilm than at $9^{\circ}C$, and the microbial biomass and activity decreased as the depth was deeper. This is because when the water temperature is high, the biodegradable organic matter (BOM) removal rate in the upper layer is high and the BOM amount that can't be supplied to the lower layer. The Removal rate of geosmin and MIB by BAC process did not show a significant difference compare to activity-inhibited BAC by treated with azide and the biofilter also removed the geosmin and MIB by biological action. It means geosmin and MIB could be removed by competitive relationship between adsorption and biodegradation.

본 연구에서는 생물활성탄 공정에서 geosmin과 MIB의 제거시 생물분해와 흡착기작의 역할을 BAC와 biofilter를 이용하여 평가하였다. 정상상태에 도달한 BAC 공정에서 부착 박테리아들의 활성이 저하된 저수온기($9^{\circ}C$)에도 EBCT 30분의 조건에서는 geosmin과 MIB가 완전 제거되었다. 유입수의 수온이 $26^{\circ}C$일 때가 $9^{\circ}C$일 때보다 상층부분에서 부착 박테리아의 생체량과 활성도가 높았고, 여층의 하부로 갈수록 부착 박테리아의 생체량과 활성도의 감소율이 높게 나타났다. 이는 수온이 높을 때 상층부분에서 BOM 제거율이 높아 하층에 공급할 수 있는 BOM 양이 감소하기 때문이다. 부착 박테리아의 활성이 억제된 BAC 공정의 geosmin과 MIB의 제거율은 활성화된 BAC 공정에서의 제거율과 비교하여 큰 차이를 나타내지 않아 BAC 공정에서 geosmin과 MIB의 제거에 흡착기작의 기여도가 높게 나타났다. BAC 공정에서 geosmin과 MIB의 제거시 부착 박테리아에 의한 생물분해 기작과 활성탄 표면이 가지는 흡착 기작이 경쟁적으로 작용하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Meng, A. K. and Suffet, I. H., "A procedure for correlation of chemical and sensory data in drinking water samples by principal component factor analysis," Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 337-345(1997). https://doi.org/10.1021/es950776d
  2. Rashash, D. M. C., Dietrich, A. M. and Hoehn, R. C., "FPA of selected odorous compounds," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 89, 131-141(1997). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08213.x
  3. Lalezary, S., Pirbazari, M. and McGuire, M. J., "Evaluating activated carbons for removing low concentrations of taste-producing and odor-producing organics," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 78(11), 76-82(1986).
  4. Wnorowski, A. U., "Tastes and odors in the aquatic environment: a review," Water SA., 18(3), 203-214(1992).
  5. Suffet, I. H., Corado, A., Chou, D., McGuire, M. J. and Butterworth, S., "AWWA taste and odor survey," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 88, 168-180(1996). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06542.x
  6. Bruce, D., Westerhoff, P. and Brawley-Chesworth, A., "Removal of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in surface water treatment plants in Arizona," J. Water Supply: Res. and Technol.-Aqua, 51(4), 183-197(2002). https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2002.0016
  7. Lee, H. J., Son, H. J., Roh, J. S., Lee, S. W., Ji, K. W., Yoo, P. J. and Kang, L. S., "Removal of odorous compounds using ozone and hydrogen peroxide," J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Eng., 28(12), 1323-1330(2006).
  8. Kim, T., Moon, B., Kim, T., Kim, M. and Zoh, K., "Degradation mechanisms of geosmin and 2-MIB during UV photolysis and UV/chlorine reactions," Chemosphere, 162, 157-164(2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.079
  9. Park, J., Nam, H., Choi, J., Ha, J. and Lee, S., "Oxidation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by the photo-fenton process: kinetics, degradation intermediates, and the removal of microcystin-LR and trihalomethane from Nak-Dong River water, South Korea," Chem. Eng. J., 313, 345-354 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.12.086
  10. Lee, H. J., Son, H. J., Lee, C. W., Bae, S. D. and Kang, L. S., "Effects of activated carbon types and service life on removal of odorous compounds: geosmin and 2-MIB," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 29(4), 404-411(2007).
  11. Yu, J., Yang, M., Lin, T., Guo, Z., Zhang, Y., Gu, J. and Zhang, S., "Effects of surface characteristics of activated carbon on the adsorption of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin from natural water," Sep. Purif. Technol., 56, 363-370(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.01.039
  12. Matsui, Y., Nakao, S., Sakamoto, A., Taniguchi, T., Pan, L., Matsushita, T. and Shirasaki, N., "Adsorption capacities of activated carbons for geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol vary with activated carbon particle size: effects of adsorbent and adsorbate characteristics," Water Res., 85, 95-102(2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.017
  13. Namkung, E. and Rittmann, B. E., "Removal of taste and odour-causing compounds by biofilms grown on humic substances," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 79(7), 107(1987).
  14. Nerenberg, R., Rittmann, B. E. and Soucie, W. J., "Ozone/ biofiltration for removing MIB and geosmin," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 92(12), 85-95(2000). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb09073.x
  15. Elhadi, S. L. N., Huck, P. M. and Slawson, R. M., "Impact of biomass concentrations on the removal of earthy/musty odors from drinking water by biological filters," Proceedings of 2004 AWWA Annual Conference, June 13-17, Orlando, Florida(2004).
  16. Meyer, K. J., Summers, R. S., Westerhoff, P. and Metz, D., "Biofiltration for geosmin and MIB removal," Proceedings of 2005 AWWA Annual Conference, June 12-16, San Francisco, California, (2005).
  17. Rittmann, B. E., Gantzer, C. J. and Montiel, A., "Biological treatment to control taste and odor compounds in drinking water," Advances in Taste and Odor Treatment and Control, Suffet, I. H., Mallevialle, J. and Kawczynsky, E. (Eds.) AWWA Res. Fdn., Denver(1995).
  18. Son, H. J., Yoo, S. J., Roh, J. S. and Yoo, P. J., "Biological activated carbon (BAC) in water treatment," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 31(4), 308-323(2009).
  19. Korotta-Gamage, S. M. and Sathasivan, A., "A review: potential and challenges of biologically activated carbon to remove natural organic matter in drinking water purification process," Chemosphere, 167, 120-138(2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.097
  20. Urfer, D., Effects of Oxidants on Drinking Water Biofilters, PhD thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada(1998).
  21. Tchobanolous, G. and Burton, F. L., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York(1991).
  22. Lee, H. J. and Kang, L. S., "Analysis of geosmin and 2- MIB in water by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and GC/MS," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 31(1), 64-69(2009).
  23. Velten, S., Hammes, F., Boller, M. and Egli, T., "Rapid and direct estimation of active biomass on granular activated carbon through adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) determination," Water Res., 41, 1973-1983(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.021
  24. Fuhrman, J. A. and Azam, F., "Thymidine incorporation as a measure of heterotrophic bacterio-plankton production in marine surface waters: evaluation and field results," Mar. Biol., 66, 109-120(1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00397184
  25. Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y. and Lalli, C. M., A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis, Pergamon, New York(1984).
  26. Bell, R. T., Ahlgren, G. M. and Ahlgren, I., "Estimating bacterioplankton production by the [$^3H$]thymidine incorporation in a eutrophic Swedish Lake," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 45, 1709-1721(1983).
  27. Moll. D. M., Summers, R. S., Fonseca, A. C. and Matheis, W., "Impact of temperature on drinking water biofilter performance and microbial community structure," Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(14), 2377-2382(1999). https://doi.org/10.1021/es9900757
  28. Young, C. C. and Suffet, I. H., "Development of a standard method-analysis of compounds causing taste and odors in drinking water," Water Sci. Technol., 40(6), 279-285 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0310
  29. Jung, S. W., Baek, K. H. and Yu, M. J., "Treatment of taste and odor material by oxidation and adsorption," Water Sci. Technol., 49(9), 289-295(2004).
  30. Son, H. J., Park, H. K., Lee, S. A., Jung, E. Y. and Jung, C. W., "The characteristics of microbial community for biological activated carbon in water treatment plant," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 27(12), 1311-1320(2005).
  31. Drikas, M., Dixon, M. and Morran, J., "Removal of MIB and geosmin using granular activated carbon with and without MIEX pre-treatment," Water Res., 43, 5151-5159(2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.08.016

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of Water Treatment Efficiency according to Number of Regeneration of GACs For Efficient Operation of GAC Process vol.40, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2018.40.4.179