Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety (한국식품위생안전성학회)
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Effects of Storage Temperature and Grain Moisture Content on the Contaminaton of Fusarium and Fusariotoxin in Hulled Barley Grains

겉보리의 저장온도와 수분함량이 붉은곰팡이병균과 곰팡이독소 오염에 미치는 영향

  • Ham, Hyeonheui (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS)) ;
  • Lee, Kyung Ah (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS)) ;
  • Lee, Theresa (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS)) ;
  • Han, Sanghyun (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS)) ;
  • Hong, Sung Kee (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS)) ;
  • Lee, Soohyung (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS)) ;
  • Ryu, Jae-Gee (Microbial Safety Team, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NAS))
  • 함현희 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 이경아 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 이데레사 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 한상현 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 홍성기 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 이수형 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀) ;
  • 류재기 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 유해생물팀)
  • Received : 2017.05.17
  • Accepted : 2017.07.05
  • Published : 2017.08.30
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Abstract

Fusarium graminearum is a mycotoxigenic plant pathogen, which could remain in harvested barley grains and produces mycotoxins at preferable conditions during storage. To elucidate the factors affecting contamination of Fusarium and Fusariotoxin in hulled barley during storage, three hulled barley grain samples were collected from Jeolla province. Moisture content of each sample was adjusted to 14% and 20%, respectively, then stored in two warehouses where temperature was controlled differently: one controlled below $12^{\circ}C$, and the other with no control. While monitoring temperature and relative humidity of warehouses hourly, grain moisture content, Fusarium occurrence, and mycotoxin level was analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 month after storage. The average monthly temperature and relative humidity ranged $3{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, and 58~70% in warehouse without temperature control, whereas $3{\sim}13^{\circ}C$ and 62~74% in warehouse controlled below $12^{\circ}C$. Grain moisture content of the samples decreased in both warehouses except 14% samples which increased in the warehouse with temperature control. Fusarium frequency of the contaminated grains decreased continuously in the warehouse without temperature control. But in the warehouse below $12^{\circ}C$, Fusarium decreasing rate was slower because of high grain moisture content. In most samples, nivalenol was detected more in the warehouse without temperature control after 12 month but there was little difference after 1, 3, and 6 month. Therefore, it will be efficient to store hulled barley in the warehouse controlled below $12^{\circ}C$ to reduce Fusarium contamination when the barley is not dried properly. In addition, when storage period exceeds 12 month, it is recommended to store hulled barley in a warehouse controlled below $12^{\circ}C$ to reduce nivalenol contamination.

붉은곰팡이는 곰팡이독소를 생성하는 식물병원균으로 수확된 보리 알곡에 잔존하여 저장 중 적절한 환경이 조성되면 곰팡이독소를 생성할 수 있다. 저장 중 겉보리의 저장온도와 곡물수분함량이 붉은곰팡이와 곰팡이독소 오염에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 전라도에서 수집한 겉보리 시료 3점의 수분함량을 14%와 20%로 조절한 후 온도조절이 되지 않는 상온창고와 $12^{\circ}C$ 이하로 온도를 조절한 저온창고에 각각 저장하였다. 창고의 온도와 습도를 실시간으로 측정하면서 1, 3, 6, 12개월 후 시료의 수분함량, 붉은곰팡이와 곰팡이독소의 오염 정도를 조사하였다. 창고의 온 습도 조사결과 상온창고는 월별 평균온도가 최저 $3^{\circ}C$에서 최고 $29^{\circ}C$였으며, 평균습도는 58~70% 인 반면 저온창고는 평균온도가 $3{\sim}13^{\circ}C$ 였으며, 평균습도는 62~74% 였다. 시료의 수분함량은 상온창고에서 감소하였으나 저온창고에서는 초기수분함량 14% 시료는 수분함량이 증가하였고, 초기수분함량 20% 시료는 감소하였다. 붉은곰팡이 오염립은 상온창고에서 저장기간이 경과할수록 감소하였으나 저온창고에서는 시료의 수분함량이 높아 감소폭이 적었다. 곰팡이독소는 대부분의 시료에서 저장 12개월 후에는 상온창고에서 니발레놀이 더 많이 검출되었으나 1, 3, 6개월에는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 겉보리의 건조가 덜 된 경우 저온창고에 보관하는 것이 붉은 곰팡이의 오염을 줄이는데 효과적이며, 겉보리를 1년이상 장기 저장할 경우 저온창고에 보관해야 니발레놀의 오염을 줄일 수 있다.

Keywords

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