Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association (한국가정과교육학회지)

Korea Home Economics Education Association (한국가정과교육학회)
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A longitudinal study of adolescents' self-esteem and its related variables

청소년 자아존중감과 관련된 변인의 종단적 추이 분석

  • Park, Mi Jeong (Icheon office of education of Gyeonggi Province) ;
  • Yu, Nan Sook (Dept. of Home Economics Education, Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University)
  • 박미정 (경기도이천교육지원청) ;
  • 유난숙 (전남대학교 가정교육과, 생활과학연구소)
  • Received : 2017.02.17
  • Accepted : 2017.06.27
  • Published : 2017.06.30
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Abstract

This study investigated the influence of life satisfaction, accomplishment value, peer attachment, and relationship with teachers on the self-esteem of adolescents in three time points. The study population consisted of a nationally representative sample of middle school 1st grade students who completed the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) of the National Youth Policy Institute in 2010, 2012, and 2014. Descriptive statistics used included frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation; in addition, reliability, repeated measure ANOVA, and regression results were reported using SPSS statistics. The results were as follows. First, this study showed that the longitudinal changes of self-esteem, life satisfaction, accomplishment value, peer attachment, and relationship with teachers were significantly different across three time points. Second, longitudinal changes in adolescents' self-esteem, life satisfaction, peer attachment, and relationship with teachers differed by gender, but accomplishment value did not. Third, life satisfaction was the most influential to self-esteem and peer attachment was the second most influential in the three data sets after controlling for gender, parents' academic attainment, and residential area. The influence of life satisfaction on self-esteem decreased across the three time points, but that of peer attachment increased over time. Instruction on life satisfaction and peer attachment needs to be more highlighted in Home Economics classes to enhance the self-esteem of adolescents.

본 연구는 청소년의 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인(삶의 만족도, 성취가치, 또래애착, 교사와의 관계)을 실증적이고 종단적으로 살펴보기 위하여 한국청소년정책연구원에서 수행한 한국아동 청소년패널(KCYPS) 데이터 중에서 중1패널 자료를 사용하여 중학교 1학년, 3학년, 고등학교 2학년 시기의 자료를 분석하였다. SPSS프로그램을 이용하여 기초통계분석, 반복측정분산분석, 중다회귀분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상자들의 자아존중감, 삶의 만족도, 성취가치, 또래애착, 교사와의 관계의 수준이 각 시기에 따라 통계적으로 유의미하게 달랐다. 둘째, 중학교 1학년, 3학년, 고등학교 2학년 시기의 자아존중감, 삶의 만족도, 성취가치, 또래애착, 교사와의 관계가 성별로 차이가 있는지 알아본 결과, 자아존중감, 삶의 만족도, 또래애착, 교사와의 관계는 성별에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 성취가치는 성별에 따라 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 자아존중감을 유의미하게 설명하는 변인은 삶의 만족도, 또래애착, 성취가치로 나타났다. 삶의 만족도의 경우 중1(${\beta}=.57$), 중3(${\beta}=.48$), 고2(${\beta}=.47$)로 모든 시기에 자아존중감에 영향을 미쳤으며, 또래애착도 중1(${\beta}=.15$), 중3(${\beta}=.19$), 고2(${\beta}=.19$) 시기에 자아존중감에 영향을 미쳤다. 성취가치는 고2(${\beta}=.12$) 시기에 자아존중감에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 모든 시기에 삶의 만족도가 높을수록, 또래애착이 높을수록 자아존중감 수준이 높았으며, 고2 시기에는 성취가치가 높을수록 자아존중감 수준이 높아졌다. 자아존중감을 향상시키는 변인들 간의 상대적 영향력을 평가하면 삶의 만족도가 가장 큰 영향력을 보이고 있으며, 또래애착이 두 번째로 큰 영향력을 보이고 있다. 이에 청소년의 자아존중감을 높이기 위해 가정과 교육과정에서 삶의 만족도를 높이고 또래애착을 형성하는 수업과 활동이 보다 많이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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