DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Numerical technique for chloride ingress with cover concrete property and time effect

  • Lee, Bang Yeon (School of Architecture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Ismail, Mohamed A. (Department of Civil and Construction Eng., Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia) ;
  • Kim, Hyeok-Jung (Elastomer TS&D Team, Kumho Petrochemical R & BD Center) ;
  • Yoo, Sung-Won (Department of Civil and Environmental Eng., Gachon University) ;
  • Kwon, Seung-Jun (Department of Civil and Environmental Eng., Hannam University)
  • 투고 : 2017.01.13
  • 심사 : 2017.04.11
  • 발행 : 2017.08.25

초록

Durability problems initiated from steel corrosion are unseen but critical issues, so that many researches are focused on chloride penetration evaluation. Even if RC (Reinforced Concrete) structures are exposed to normal environment, chloride ingress varies with concrete surface conditions and exposed period. This paper presents an analysis technique for chloride behavior evaluation considering time effect on diffusion and surface conditions assumed as double-layered system. For evaluation of deteriorated surface condition, field investigation was performed for concrete pavement exposed to deicing agent for 18 years. In order to consider enhanced surface concrete, chloride profiles in surface-impregnated concretes exposed to chloride attack for 2 years from previous research were investigated. Through reverse analysis, effectively deteriorated/enhanced depth of surface and the related reduced/enlarged diffusion coefficient in the depth are simulated. The proposed analysis technique was evaluated to handle the chloride behavior more accurately considering changes of chloride ingress within surface layer and decreased diffusion coefficient with time. For the concrete surface exposed to deicing agent, the deteriorated depth and enlarged diffusion coefficient are evaluated to be 12.5~15.0 mm and 200% increasing diffusion coefficient, respectively. The results in concrete containing enhanced cover show 10.0~12.5 mm of impregnated depth and 85% reduction of chloride diffusion in tidal and submerged conditions.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

참고문헌

  1. Al-alaily, H.S. and Hassan, A.A.A. (2016), "Time-dependence of chloride ion for concrete containing metakaolin", J. Build. Eng., 7(9), 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.06.003
  2. Alghamri, R., Kanellopoulos, A. and Al-Tabbaa, A.A. (2016), "Impregnation and encapsulation of lightweight aggregates for self-healing concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 124(10), 910-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.143
  3. Andrade, C., Diez, J.M. and Alonso, C. (1997), "Mathematical modeling of a concrete surface "skin effect" on diffusion in chloride contaminated media", Adv. Cement Bas. Mater., 6(2), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1065-7355(97)00002-3
  4. Ary, C., Buenfeld, N.R. and Newmann, J.B. (1990), "Factors influencing chloride binding in concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 20(2), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(90)90083-A
  5. Broomfield, J.P. (1997), Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Understanding, Investigation and Repair, E&FN, London, U.K.
  6. Camacho, J.B., Abdelkader, S.M., Pozo, E.R. and Terrades, A.M. (2014), "The influence of ion chloride on concrete made with sulfate-resistance cement and mineral admixtures", Constr. Build. Mater., 70(11), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.109
  7. Colombo, I.G., Colombo, M. and Prisco, D.M. (2015), "Tensile behavior of textile reinforced concrete subjected to freezingthawing cycles in un-cracked and cracked regimes", Cement Concrete Res., 73(6), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.001
  8. Hosseini, S.A., Shabakhty, N. and Mahini, S.S. (2015), "Correlation between chloride-induced corrosion initiation and time to cover cracking in RC Structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 56(2), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.56.2.257
  9. Ishida, T. and Maekawa, K. (2003), "Modeling of durability performance of cementitious materials and structures based on thermo hygro physics", Proceedings of the 2nd International RILEM Workshop on Life Prediction and Aging Management of Concrete Structures, Paris, France.
  10. JSCE-Japan Society of Civil Engineering (2002), Concrete Library 109, Proposal of the Format for Durability Database of Concrete, 82-89.
  11. Jung, W.Y., Yoon, Y.S. and Sohn, Y.M. (2003), "Predicting the remaining service life of land concrete by steel corrosion", Cement Concrete Res., 33(5), 663-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01034-7
  12. Jiang, L., Niu, D., Yuan, L. and Fei, Q. (2015), "Durability of concrete under sulfate attack exposed to freeze-thaw cycles", Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 112(4), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.12.006
  13. Kwon, S.J., Park, S.S., Lee, S.M. and Kim, J.W. (2007) "Selection of concrete surface impregnate through durability tests", J. Kor. Struct. Mainten. Inst., 11(6), 77-86.
  14. Kwon, S.J., Na, U.J., Park, S.S. and Jung, S.H. (2009), "Service life prediction of concrete wharves with early-aged crack: Probabilistic approach for chloride diffusion", Struct. Saf., 31(1), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.03.004
  15. Kwon, S.J. and Kim, S.C. (2012) "Concrete mix design for service life of RC structures exposed to chloride attack", Comput. Concrete, 10(6), 587-607. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2012.10.6.587
  16. KCI-Korea Concrete Institute (2012), Concrete Standard Specification, 12-112.
  17. Lee, S.H. and Kwon, S.J. (2012) "Experimental study on the relationship between time-dependent chloride diffusion coefficient and compressive strength", J. Kor. Concrete Inst., 24(6), 715-726. https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2012.24.6.715
  18. Metha, K. and Monteiro, P.J.M. (1993) Concrete: Structure, Properties, and Materials, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  19. Hussain, R.R. and Ishida, T. (2011), "Enhanced electro-chemical corrosion model for reinforced concrete under severe coupled action of chloride and temperature", Constr. Build. Mater., 25(3), 1305-1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.014
  20. Mabrouk, R., Ishida, T. and Maekawa, K. (2004) "A unified solidification model of hardening concrete composite for predicting the young age behavior of concrete", Cement Concrete Comp., 26(5), 453-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(03)00073-8
  21. Moon, H.Y., Shin, D.G. and Choi, D.S. (2007) "Evaluation of the durability of mortar and concrete applied with inorganic coating material and surface treatment system", Constr. Build. Mater., 21(2), 362-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.012
  22. Maekawa, K., Ishida, T. and Kishi, T. (2003), "Multi-scale modeling of concrete performance", J. Adv. Concrete Technol., 1(2), 91-126. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.1.91
  23. Maekawa, K., Ishida, T. and Kishi, T. (2009), Multi-Scale Modeling of Structural Concrete, Taylor & Francis, London, U.K.
  24. Ohama, Y. (1997), "Recent progress in concrete-polymer composites", Adv. Cement Bas. Mater., 5(2), 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1065-7355(96)00005-3
  25. Poulsen, E. (1993) On a Model of Chloride Ingress into Concrete, Nordic Mini Seminar-Chloride Transport, Department of Building Materials, Gothenburg, 1-18.
  26. Park, S.S., Kwon, S.J. and Jung, S.H. (2012), "Analysis technique for chloride penetration in cracked concrete using equivalent diffusion and permeation", Constr. Build. Mater., 29(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.09.019
  27. Park, S.S., Kim, Y.Y., Lee, B.J. and Kwon, S.J. (2014), "Evaluation of concrete durability performance with sodium silicate impregnates", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 945297, 11.
  28. Paul, S.K., Chaudhuri, S. and Barai, S.V. (2014), "Chloride diffusion study in different types of concrete using finite element method (FEM)", Adv. Concrete Constr., 2(1), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc2014.2.1.039
  29. RILEM (1994), Durability Design of Concrete Structures, Report of RILEM Technical Committee 130-CSL, E&FN.
  30. Song, H.W., Pack, S.W., Lee, C.H. and Kwon, S.J. (2006), "Service life prediction of concrete structures under marine environment considering coupled deterioration", Restor. Build. Monum., 12(4), 265-284.
  31. Thomas, M.D.A. and Bamforth, P.B. (1999), "Modelling chloride diffusion in concrete: Effect of fly ash and slag", Cement Concrete Res., 29(4), 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00192-6
  32. Thomas, M.D.A. and Bentz, E.C. (2002), Computer Program for Predicting the Service Life and Life-Cycle Costs of Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Chlorides, Life365 Manual, SFA, 12-56.
  33. Tang, L. and Joost, G. (2007), "On the mathematics of timedependent apparent chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete", Cement Concrete Res., 37(4), 589-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.01.006
  34. Tsao, W.H., Huang, N.M. and Liang, M.T. (2015), "Modelling of chloride diffusion in saturated concrete", Comput. Concrete, 15(1), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.1.127
  35. Yang, E.I., Kim, M.Y., Kim, B.C. and Kim, J.H. (2006), "Evaluation on resistance of chloride attack and freezing and thawing of concrete with surface penetration sealer", J. Kor. Concrete Inst., 18(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.4334/JKCI.2006.18.1.065
  36. Yang, K.H., Cheon, J.H. and Kwon, S.J. (2017), "Modeling of chloride diffusion in concrete considering wedge-shaped single crack and steady-state condition", Comput. Concrete, 19(2), 211-216. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.2.211
  37. Ye, H., Fu, C., Jin, N. and Jin, X. (2015), "Influence of flexural loading on chloride ingress in concrete subjected to cyclic drying-wetting condition", Comput. Concrete, 15(2), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.2.183
  38. Zhu, W., Francois, R., Fang, Q. and Zhang D. (2016), "Influence of long-term chloride diffusion in concrete and the resulting corrosion of reinforcement on the serviceability of RC beams", Cement Concrete Comp.., 71(8), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.05.003