Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Corrosion behavior induced by LiCl-KCl in type 304 and 316 stainless steel and copper at low temperature

  • Sim, Jee-Hyung (Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Soo (Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Cho, Il-Je (Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • Received : 2016.10.19
  • Accepted : 2017.02.18
  • Published : 2017.08.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The corrosion behavior of stainless steel (304 and 316 type) and copper induced by LiCl-KCl at low temperatures in the presence of sufficient oxygen and moisture was investigated through a series of experiments (at $30^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $80^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours). The specimens not coated on one side with an aqueous solution saturated with LiCl-KCl experienced no corrosion at any temperature, not even when the test duration exceeded 96 hours. Stainless steel exposed to LiCl-KCl experienced almost no corrosion below $40^{\circ}C$, but pitting corrosion was observed at temperatures above $60^{\circ}C$. As the duration of the experiment was increased, the rate of corrosion accelerated in proportion to the temperature. The 316 type stainless steel exhibited better corrosion resistance than did the 304 type. In the case of copper, the rate of corrosion accelerated in proportion to the duration and temperature but, unlike the case of stainless steel, the corrosion was more general. As a result, the extent of copper corrosion was about three times that of stainless steel.

Keywords

References

  1. H.S. Lee, et al., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) report, Development of Volume Reduction Technology for PWR Spent Fuel by Pyroprocessing, KAERI/RR-3400/2011, Korea, 2012.
  2. Y.I. Chang, The integral fast reactor, Nucl. Technol. 88 (1989) 129-138. https://doi.org/10.13182/NT88-129
  3. T. Inoue, Actinide recycling by pyro-process with metal fuel FBR for future nuclear fuel cycle system, Prog. Nucl. Energy 40 (2002) 547-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-1970(02)00049-5
  4. M. Iizuka, K. Kinoshita, Y. Sakamura, T. Ogata, T. Koyama, Performance of pyroprocess equipment of semi-industrial design and material balance in repeated oxide/metal fuels, Nucl. Technol. 184 (2013) 107-120. https://doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A19872
  5. H.S. Lee, G.I. Park, K.H. Kang, J.M. Hur, J.G. Kim, D.H. Ahn, Y.Z. Cho, E.H. Kim, Pyroprocessing technology development at KAERI, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 43 (2011) 317-328. https://doi.org/10.5516/NET.2011.43.4.317
  6. G.S. You, I.J. Cho, W.M. Choung, E.P. Lee, D.H. Hong, W.K. Lee, J.H. Ku, Concept and safety studies of an integrated pyroprocess facility, Nucl. Eng. Des. 241 (2011) 415-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.10.004
  7. Y. Shinata, F. Takahashi, K. Hashiura, NaCl-induced hot corrosion of stainless steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. 87 (1987) 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(87)90404-6
  8. T. Raghu, S.N. Malhotra, P. Ramakrishnan, Corrosion behavior of porous sintered type 316L austenitic stainless steel in 3% NaCl solution, Corrosion 45 (1989) 698-704. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3585020
  9. A.U. Malik, P.C. Mayan Kutty, N.A. Siddiqi, I.N. Andijani, S. Ahmed, The influence of pH and chloride concentration on the corrosion behavior of AISI 316L steel in aqueous solutions, Corros. Sci. 33 (1992) 1809-1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(92)90011-Q
  10. E. Otero, A. Pardo, M.V. Utrilla, E. Saenz, F.J. Perez, Influence of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of AISI Type 304L and Type 316L sintered stainless steels exposed to ferric chloride solutions, Mater. Charact. 35 (1995) 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(95)00099-2
  11. J.E. Indacochea, J.L. Smith, K.R. Litko, E.J. Karell, Corrosion performance of ferrous and refractory metals in molten salts under reducing conditions, J. Mater. Res. 14 (1999) 1990-1995. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1999.0268
  12. A.R. Shankar, U.K. Mudali, Corrosion of type 316L stainless steel in molten LiCl-KCl salt, Mater. Corros. 59 (2008) 878-882. https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.200804177
  13. A.K. Singh, V. Chaudhary, A. Sharma, Electrochemical studies of stainless steel corrosion in peroxide solutions, Port. Electrochim. Acta 30 (2012) 99-109. https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.201202099
  14. G. Kear, B.D. Barker, F.C. Walsh, Electrochemical corrosion of unalloyed copper in chloride media-A critical review, Corros. Sci. 16 (2004) 109-135.
  15. J. Pettersson, J.-E. Svensson, L.-G. Johansson, KCl-induced corrosion of a 304-type austenitic stainless steel in $O_2$ and in $O_2+H_2O$ environment: The influence of temperature, Oxid. Met. 72 (2009) 159-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-009-9153-2
  16. U. Berocci, An EQMB examination of Cu surface oxides in borate buffer, Electrochim. Acta 49 (2004) 1831-1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2003.11.033
  17. H.P. Lee, K. Nobe, Film formation and current oscillations in the electrodissolution of Cu in acidic chloride media, J. Electrochem. Soc. 132 (1985) 1031-1037. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2114010
  18. KS D ISO 8407, Corrosion of metals and alloys - Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimens, Korean Standards Association, 2014.
  19. I. Sekine, A. Masuko, K. Senoo, Corrosion behavior of AISI 316 stainless steel in formic and acetic acid solutions, Corrosion 43 (1987) 553-560. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3583900
  20. Z.H. Gu, S.J. Xiz, T.Z. Fahidy, Comparison of dynamic behaviour of the anodic dissolution of copper in aqueous chloride and bromide solutions, Electrochim. Acta 14 (1996) 2045-2054.
  21. J. Pettersson, H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, L.-G. Johansson, KCl Induced corrosion of a 304-type austenitic stainless steel at $600^{\circ}C$, The role of potassium, Oxid. Met. 64 (2005) 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-005-5704-3
  22. J.K. Chon, Y.K. Kim, Corrosion and passivation of copper in artificial sea water, J. Korean Chem. Soc. 51 (2007) 305-311. https://doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2007.51.4.305

Cited by

  1. Corrosion Performance of AISI 304 Stainless Steel in CO2-Saturated Brine Solution vol.55, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1134/s2070205119060261
  2. Interaction of Rare Earth Chloride Salts to Alumina and Mullite in LiCl-KCl at 773 K vol.18, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7733/jnfcwt.2020.18.3.337
  3. Controlling Atmospheric Corrosion of Weathering Steel Using Anodic Polarization Protection Technique vol.9, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081469
  4. Aqueous Ferrous Chloride as a Low-Cost Corrosive to Deal with Spent Coin-Type Cells vol.35, pp.17, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01699