Abstract
This study analyzed teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) regarding the pedagogical aspect of the instruction of ratio and rate in order to look into teachers' problems during the process of teaching ratio and rate. This study aims to clarify problems in teachers' PCK and promote the consideration of the materialization of an effective and practical class in teaching ratio and rate by identifying the improvements based on problems indicated in PCK. We subdivided teachers' PCK into four areas: mathematical content knowledge, teaching method and evaluation knowledge, understanding knowledge about students' learning, and class situation knowledge. The conclusion of this study based on analysis of the results is as follows. First, in the 'mathematical content knowledge' aspect of PCK, teachers need to understand the concept of ratio from the perspective of multiplicative comparison of two quantities, and the concept of rate based on understanding of two quantities that are related proportionally. Also, teachers need to introduce ratio and rate by providing students with real-life context, differentiate ratios from fractions, and teach the usefulness of percentage in real life. Second, in the 'teaching method and evaluation knowledge' aspect of PCK, teachers need to establish teaching goals about the students' comprehension of the concept of ratio and rate and need to operate performance evaluation of the students' understanding of ratio and rate. Also, teachers need to improve their teaching methods such as discovery learning, research study and activity oriented methods. Third, in the 'understanding knowledge about students' learning' aspect of PCK, teachers need to diversify their teaching methods for correcting errors by suggesting activities to explore students' own errors rather than using explanation oriented correction. Also, teachers need to reflect students' affective aspects in mathematics class. Fourth, in the 'class situation knowledge' aspect of PCK, teachers need to supplement textbook activities with independent consciousness and need to diversify the form of class groups according to the character of the activities.
본 연구에서는 비와 비율을 지도에 대한 교사의 이해 정도를 알아보기 위하여 비와 비율 지도에 대한 교사의 교수학적 내용 지식(PCK)을 질문지와 면담을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, PCK의 내용 측면에 있어서 교사는 비와 비율의 개념을 정확하게 이해하고 실생활 맥락과 연계해서 비와 비율을 지도할 필요가 있으며, PCK의 교수 방법 및 평가에 대한 지식의 관점에서 비와 비율에 대한 교수 목표를 강화하고 교수 방법에 있어서도 활동 중심으로 바뀔 수 있도록 교사들의 PCK를 강화할 필요가 있다. 그리고 학생 이해 지식의 관점에서 교사의 PCK는 교사의 설명 이외에 오류 지도 방법을 다양화하고 정의적 측면을 수업에 연계할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로 수업 상황에 대한 지식의 관점에서 교사는 주체적 관점에서 교과서 활동을 재구성하고, 활동의 특성에 맞게 수업 집단을 다양화 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구 결과는 설문과 면담을 통한 비와 비율에 대한 교사의 PCK가 실제 수업과 어떠한 연관성을 갖고 있는지에 대한 추후 연구를 제안한다.
