Korean Journal of Child Studies (아동학회지)

Korean Association of Child Studies (한국아동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Marital Conflict on Adolescent Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Parentification

부부갈등이 청소년의 불안에 미치는 영향: 청소년 부모화의 매개적 역할

  • Yang, Han-Na (Department of Counseling for Children, Duksung Women's University) ;
  • Choi, Mi-Kyung (Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Duksung Women's University)
  • 양한나 (덕성여자대학교 아동상담전공) ;
  • 최미경 (덕성여자대학교 아동가족학과)
  • Received : 2017.04.30
  • Accepted : 2017.06.19
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between marital conflict, parentification, and adolescent anxiety. Methods: The participants comprised 301 high school students from the Seoul province. They were asked to complete questionnaires that consisted of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, and the Filial Responsibility Scale-Youth. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. To analyze the collected data, SPSS 18.0 was used. Results: First, the content and resolution of marital conflict had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Second, unfairness parentification had an effect on both adolescent state anxiety and trait anxiety. Third, the frequency of marital conflict had an effect on emotional parentification. Further, the intensity, content, and resolution of marital conflict had effect on unfairness parentification. Fourth, unfairness parentification played a partial mediating role in the relationship between the content of marital conflict and adolescent anxiety (state anxiety/trait anxiety). In addition, unfairness parentification played a complete mediating role in the relationship between the resolution of marital conflict and adolescent trait anxiety. Conclusion: These results indicate that parentification plays an important role in marital conflict and adolescent anxiety. In addition, this study also shows that marital conflict has an important effect on adolescent anxiety directly. Therefore, this study will be useful for developing both parental education and counseling programs for adolescents.

Keywords

References

  1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). The derivation of taxonomic constructs: Anecessary stage in the development of developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Rochester symposium on Developmental psychopathology: Models and integrations (pp. 43-74). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  2. Andree, F., & Martin, D. (2011). Children’s appraisals as mediators of the relationship between domestic violence and child adjustment. Violence and Victims, 26(3), 377-392. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.377
  3. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  4. Berry, W. D., & Feldman, S. (1985). Multiple regression in practice. London: Sage Publications.
  5. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. M. (1973). Invisible loyalties: Reciprocity in intergenerational family therapy. Oxford: Harper & Row.
  6. Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. II. Some principles of psychotherapy. The fiftieth Maudsley lecture (expanded version). British Journal of Psychiatry, 130(5), 421-431. doi:10.1192/bjp.130.5.421
  7. Byng-Hall, J. (2002). Relieving parentified children's burdens in families with insecure attachment patterns. Family Process, 41(3), 375-388. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41307.x
  8. Cummings, E. M., Simpson, K. S., & Wilson, A. (1993). Children's responses to interadult anger as a function of information about resolution. Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 978-985. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.6.978
  9. Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 387-411. doi:10.1037/0033- 2909.116.3.387
  10. Earley, L., & Cushway, D. J. (2002). The parentified child. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104502007002005
  11. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. NY: Norton.
  12. Fincham, F. D., Grych, J. H., & Osborne, L. (1994). Does marital conflict cause child maladjustment: Directions and challenges for longitudinal research. Journal of Family Psychology, 8,(2), 128-140. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.8.2.128
  13. Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 267-290. doi:10.1037/0033- 2909.108.2.267
  14. Jacobvits, D., & Sroufe, L. A. (1987). The early caregiverchild relationship and attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity in kindergarten: A prospective study. Child Development, 58(6), 1496-1504. doi:10.2307/1130689
  15. Jurkovic, G. J. (1997). Lost childhoods: The plight of the parentified child. NY: Routledge.
  16. Jurkovic, G. J., Kupermine, G. P., & Casey, S. (2000). Filial responsibility scale-youth (Unpublished manuscript). Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University.
  17. Kerig, P. K. (2005). Revisiting the construct of boundary dissolution: A multidimensional perspective. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 5(2-3), 5-42. doi:10.1300/J135v05n02_02
  18. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  19. Peris, T. S., Goeke-Morey, M. C., Cummings, E. M., & Emery, R. E. (2008). Marital conflict and support seeking by parents in adolescence: Empirical support for the parentification construct. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(3), 633-642. doi:10.1037/a0012792
  20. Plunkett, S. W., Henry, C. S., Robinson, L. C., Behnke, A., & Falcon, P. C. (2007). Adolescent perception parental behavior, adolescent self-esteem, adolescent depressed mood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(6), 760-772. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9123-0
  21. Wells, M., & Jones, R. (2000). Childhood parentification and shameproneness: A preliminary study. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28(1), 19-27. doi:10.1080/019261800261789
  22. Ahn, J.-M., & Ahn, K.-S. (2012). A study on related factors for adolescent's anger emotional experience. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 19(3), 267-292. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06661882
  23. Ahn, S.-S. (2014). The influence of parents' marital conflicts and early maladaptive schemas on behavior problems in children and adolescents (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=T13391404
  24. Chae, Y.-K. (2001). Verification on the model of expression modes and moderating effect of adolescents's anger (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8932930
  25. Cho, E. (2004). The study of parenti f ied children's psychological characteristics and power in their family (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T9534707
  26. Choi, M.-K. (2012). The relationship between marital conflict, parental control, and adolescents’ anxiety. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 33(5), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.5723/KJCS.2012.33.5.163
  27. Choi, M. S., & Kang, J. H. (2008). The effect of parentification on depression and anxiety in adolescents. Korean Journal of Play Therapy, 11(1), 43-53.
  28. Choi, S.-G. (2017). The moderating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between high school girl's perfectionism and test anxiety (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T14406732
  29. Choi, W.-K. (2004). A study on the socio-structural cause of youth suicide. Social Welfare Policy, 18(4), 5-30.
  30. Eoh, Y. (2005). (The) effects of the vulnerable family on the depression and behavioral problems of adolescents: The protective effect of social supports and personal features (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T9988510
  31. Han, N., Lee, S., & Row, K.-R. (2014). The relationship among behavioral inhibition system, perceived parenting behavior and anxiety of middle school students. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(2), 327-348. Retrieved from http://www. riss.kr/link?id=A102952622
  32. Ham, G. S. (2015). Mediating effects of perfectionism on the relation of middle school students' parentification and social anxiety (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T13667649
  33. Hwang, G. S. (2000). (A) study on the effects of parents' conflicts on their children's school performances and emotional adaptability (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T8141031
  34. Jang, J. (2006). The influence of marital conflict on children's maladaptation: Focusing on ego-resiliency, parent's child-rearing attitudes and social support (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10878300
  35. Jo, A. (2011). The effects of parental marital conflict and attachment on maladjustment behavior of adolescents: The moderating effect of self-esteem (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12343727
  36. Jo, A.-R. (2014). Moderating role of self-soothing ability In the relationship between parent's marital conflict on depression and anxiety (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T13411273
  37. Kang, S. I. (2007). A study on the educational implications of adolescent anxiety (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11039114
  38. Kang, S.-M. (2014). Parentification as a mediator between marital conflict and shame. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(4), 257-283. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06662220
  39. Kim, B. Y. (2008). A meta-analysis of the variables related to adolescents' suicidal adolescents' suicidal ideation (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T11315206
  40. Kim, J. (2011). The effect of perceived marital conflicts on psychosocial maladjustment: The mediating role of parentification (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T12281347
  41. Kim, J. H. (2017). The effect of peer victimization on social anxiety in middle school students and the mediating role of selfconcept (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T14451080
  42. Kim, J. T. (1978). A study of the relationship between trait anxiety and social tendency (Unplished master's thesis). Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  43. Kim, J.-Y. (2007). The effects of preschooler's temperament, marital conflict and preschooler's emotion regulation on problem behavior (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=T11038811
  44. Kim, K. M., Lee, H. N., Jung, J. R., Jung, H. J., & Lee, K. (2006). The effect of parentification on conflictual independence from parents, self-assertiveness, and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. The Korean Journal of School Psychology, 3(1), 19-32. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06372284
  45. Kim, M., & Kim, J. (2013). A study on the influencing mental health factors to suicidal ideation in adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 20(12), 267-293. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A102952590
  46. Kim, M. H. (2017). The relationship with parentification experience of adolescents, interpersonal problem and perfectionism (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T14406568
  47. Kim, M.-S. (2006). (The) relationship of parents' marital conflicts perceived by the 6th grade parent-child communication and depression (Unpublished master's thesis). Kyungsung University, Pusan, Korea.
  48. Kim, N.-Y. (2016). A study on the children’s problem behavior with parental conflict. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 23(6), 27-46.
  49. Kim, Y. T. (2000). Family therapy theories: Concepts and methods. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  50. Ko, A. (2007). The effects of highschool students' perceive parentadolescence communication, ego-resiliency on psychosocial adjustment (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www. riss.kr/link?id=T11220088
  51. Kwon, Y. O., & Lee, J. D. (1997). A validation study on the children's perception of interparental conflict scale. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 18(1), 65-80. Retrieved from http://childstudies.org/upload/pdf/31200255.pdf
  52. Kwon, Y. O., & Lee, J. D. (1999). Martial conflict and children's behavior problems. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 20(1), 115-133. Retrieved from http://www.childstudies.org/ upload/pdf/31200472.pdf
  53. Lee, J. S. [Jeong Soo]. (2006). The influence of mother and peer attachment on adolescent's depression-the mediating effect of self-esteem (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=T10532497
  54. Lee, J.-S. [Jeong-Soon]. (2010). Parenting behavior, preschooler's behavior and preschooler's emotionally unstable behavior: Relationship to husband-wife relationship. Early Childhood Education Research & Review, 14(3), 37-56.
  55. Lee, J.-S. [Jung-Sook]., & Kim, E.-K. (2007). Effect of juveniles' experience of being abused on their shame-proneness and parentification. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 19(2), 339-356. Retrieved from http://www. riss.kr/link?id=A100630470
  56. Lee, J. Y. (2017). The influence of parents' marital conflict on children's interpersonal competence as college students: The mediating effects of the parentification, shame-proneness and co-dependency (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www. riss.kr/link?id=T14434620
  57. Lee, S.-M., & Yoo, S.-K. (2013). The relationship between peer victimization and depression/anxiety: meditating effects of passive/evasive behavior and aggressive behavior. Korea Journal of Counseling, 14(2), 1209-1226. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.14.2.201304.1209
  58. Lee, Y. J. (2013). The mediating effects of shame on the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism and social anxiety (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T13054403
  59. Lim, J., & Yoon, J. (2010). A review of interparental conflict in relation to child developmental outcomes in Korean journals. The Korean Journal of the Human Development, 17(1), 263- 284. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article= 21240
  60. Moon, D.-K., & Kim, Y.-H. (2011). A meta-regression analysis on related triggering variables of adolescents’ suicidal ideation. Korea Journal of Counseling, 12(3), 945-964. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99780253 https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.12.3.201106.945
  61. Moon, S. H. (2014). Mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expression on the relation between parentification and wellbeing in adolescents (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13411651
  62. Oh, S. (2017). The relation between parent's marital conflict and interpersonal problem by the college student children: The mediating effects of parentification and self-differentiation (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T14437098
  63. Park, S. J. (1996). The effect of parent's conflict on and children's psychological adjustment (Unpublished Master's thesis). Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  64. Park, S. Y., Lee, E. G., Song, J. H., & Soenens, B. (2008). The effects of two types of parental psychological control on dependency, self-criticism and depression in adolescents. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(5), 65-78. Retrieved from http://childstudies.org/upload/pdf/31201509.pdf
  65. Park, Y. S. (2016). A counseling case study of parentification on middle school student (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T14021808
  66. Roh, Y. O. (2005). A study on the communication between parentschildren & perceived marital conflict by children of adolescent (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/ link?id=T10384433
  67. Shin, M.-J., & Ha, E. H. (2010). The mediating effects of negative cognition in the relationships between mothers' overprotective parenting attitudes and adolescents anxiety. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 22(2), 459-477. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ ArticleDetail/NODE06369776
  68. Son, H. M. (2007). The effect of marital conflict on parentification in graduates (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss. kr/link?id=T11220181
  69. Song, E. H. (2005). The influence of marital conflicts on children's psychological adjustment problems: The mediating effects f cognitive-contextual appraisal and child (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T9843749
  70. Song, E. J. (2010). Impact of marital conflicts on youth depression: through the parameter of parentification (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12028919
  71. Yoo, S. H. [Seoung Hee]. (2001). Connection between children's perception and self-consciousness by parents' trouble (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10207474
  72. Yoo, S. H. [Soon Hwa]. (2010). Relationship between parentification and well-being of adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 17(10), 233-252. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE06661631
  73. Yoon, J. W. (2010). The relationship between dysfunctional beliefs and self-focused attention and speech anxiety from middle school students (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www. riss.kr/link?id=T12115401
  74. Yoon, K. M. (2011). The relationship between marital conflict and child-rearing attitude perceived by the mother and the child's adjustment (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12578786