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철도차량 보조전원장치의 고효율-경량화를 위한 전력변환회로 연구

Research on Power Converters for High-Efficient and Light-Weight Auxiliary Power Supplies (APS) in Railway System

  • Lee, Jae-Bum (Propulsion System Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, In-Ho (Propulsion System Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute)
  • 투고 : 2017.03.03
  • 심사 : 2017.04.04
  • 발행 : 2017.06.30

초록

최근 철도차량용 보조전원장치는 시스템의 경량화를 위해 기존 60Hz 저주파 변압기를 제거하고 고주파 구동과 절연 특성을 갖는 '절연형 dc/dc 컨버터'를 적용하는 구조가 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 '절연형 dc/dc 컨버터를 적용한 보조전원장치 구조'에 대해서 설명하고, 다양한 분석을 통해 보조전원장치의 고효율 및 경량화에 적합한 dc/dc 컨버터 및 구조를 제안하고자 한다. 대용량 IGBT 소자의 고주파 스위칭(경량화)을 위해 필수적인 '영전압-영전류-스위칭'특성을 갖는 '공진형 컨버터'를 활용하여 다양한 보조전원장치용 전력변환장치 구조(1-Stage와 2-Stage)를 제안하였고, 각각의 구조에 적합한 컨버터 회로를 선정한 후 설계 및 시뮬레이션을 통해 비교하였다. 1-Stage 구조의 경우 공진형 컨버터만을 사용하였고, 2-Stage 구조의 경우 공진형 컨버터와 공진형 컨버터의 입력전압 변동을 최소화하는 Pre-regulator를 적용하였다. Pre-regulator로서 감압 컨버터 또는 승압 컨버터를 각각 적용하여 서로 다른 2-Stage 구조를 구성하고 각 방식의 손실을 비교하였다. 회로에 사용되는 소자들의 전압 및 전류 스트레스를 고려하여 소자를 선정하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 동작을 검증하였으며, 손실 분석을 통해 고효율 및 경량화에 가장 적합한 구조 및 회로를 제안하였다.

A recent trend of technical development in auxiliary-power-supplies (APS) is to replace 60Hz low frequency transformers with isolated type dc/dc converters. This paper introduces the technical trend in APS structures and proposes a power converter circuit suitable for high-efficient and light-weight APS. By utilizing the resonant converter, which achieves ZCS, to reduce switching losses, various types of APS structures (1-stage and 2-stage) are reviewed, and they are verified by simulation. The full-bridge resonant LLC converter is designed with a 1-stage power converting structure; the resonant converter topology is designed with a 2-stage power converting structure that has a pre-regulator converter to compensate for the wide input voltage range. Both a step-down converter and a step-up converter are designed and compared for the pre-regulator in the 2-stage structure. Operational characteristics are compared with simulation results and loss analyses are presented to proposes appropriate system structure and topologies.

키워드

참고문헌

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