References
- Abbeduto, L., & Hagerman, R. (1997). Language and communication in FXS. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 3, 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1997)3:4<313::AID-MRDD6>3.0.CO;2-O
- Barnes, E., Robert, J., Long, S., Martin, G., Berni, M., Mandulak, K., & Siders, J. (2009). Phonological accuracy and intelligibility in connected speech of boys with Fragile X syndrome or Down syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52, 1048-1061. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0001)
- Barnes, E., Robert, J., Mirrett, P., Sideris, J., & Misenheimer, J. (2006). A Comparison of oral structure and oral motor function in young males with Fragile X syndrome and Down's syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49, 903-917. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/065)
- Bunn, L., Roy, E. A., & Elliott, D. (2007). Speech perception and motor control in children with Down’s syndrome. Child Neuropsychology, 13, 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040600770738
- Bunton, K., Leddy. M., & Miller, J. (2007). Phonetic Intelligibility Testing in Adults with Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 12(1), 1-4.
- Bysterveldt, V., Gillon, G., & Cohen, S. F. (2010). Integrated speech and phonological awareness intervention for pre-school children with Down syndrome. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 45(3), 320-335. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820903003514
- Chapman, R. S., & Hesketh, L. J. (2000). Behavioral phenotype of individuals with DS. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 6, 84-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2779(2000)6:2<84::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-P
- Clarke, W. M. (1980). Predictive measures of speech proficiency in cerebral palsied speakers. Journal of Communication Disorders, 13(5), 385-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9924(80)90007-6
- Cleland, J., Wood, S., Hardcastle, W., Wishart, J., & Timmins, C. (2010). Relationship between speech, oromotor, language and cognitive abilities in children with Down’s syndrome. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 45, 83-95. https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820902745453
- Dodd, B., Hua, Z., Crosbie, S., Holm, A., & Ozanne, A. (2002). Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology. London, England: The Psychological Corporation.
- Fudala, J. (1970). Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale. Los Angeles: Western Psychological services.
- Green, J. R., Moor, C. A., & Reilly, K. J. (2002). The sequential development of jaw and lip control for speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 66-79. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/005)
- Hanson, D. M., Jackson, A. W., & Hagerman, R. J. (1986). Speech disturbances (cluttering) in mildly impaired males with the Martin-Bell/fragile X syndrome. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 23, 195-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320230114
- Hodge, M. M. (1991). Assessing early speech motor function. Clinical Communication Disorders, 1(2), 69-86.
- Hodson, B., & Paden, E. (1981). Phonological processes which characterize unintelligible and intelligible speech in early childhood. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 46, 369-373.
- Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A. D., & Phillips, C. E. (2002). Verbal short term memory in Down syndrome: A problem of memory, audition, or speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/042)
- Kanno, K., & Ikeda, Y. (2002). Word-length effect in verbal short-term memory in individuals with Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 46, 613-618. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00438.x
- Kent, R. D., & Vorperion, H. K. (2013). Speech impairment in Down Syndrome A Review. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56, 178-210. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0148)
- Kim, M., Bae, S., & Park, C. (2007). Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Children. Seoul: Human Brain Research & Consulting Co. (김민정.배소영.박창일 (2007). 아동용 발음평가(APAC). 서울: 휴브알엔씨.)
- Kim, S. (2003). Perceptual-phonemic Contrasts of Single-word Intelligibility for Testing Korean Dysarthric Speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 22(8), 694-702. (김수진 (2003). 뇌성마비로 인한 마비말장애의 음소대조 낱말 명료도와 문장명료도. 한국음향학회지, 22(8), 694-702.)
- Kim, Y., Chang, H., & Lim, S. (1995). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Seoul: Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center. (김영태.장혜성.임선숙 (1995). 그림어휘력검사. 서울: 서울장애인종합복지관.)
- Knight, R., Kurtz, S., & Georgiadou, I. (2015). Speech production in children with Down’s syndrome: The effects of reading, naming and imitation. Division of Language and Communication Sciences, 29, 598-612.
- Kumin, L. (1994). Intelligibility of speech in children with Down’s syndrome in natural setting: Parents’ perspectives. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 307-313. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.307
- Kumin, L. (2002). Maximizing speech and language in children and adolescents with Down Syndrome. In W. I. Cohen, L. Nadel, & M. E. Madnick (Eds.), Down syndrome: Visions for the 21st century (pp. 407-420). New York: Wiley.
- Kumin, L. (2006). Speech intelligibility and childhood verbal apraxia in children with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 10, 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3104/reports.301
- Kwak, K., Park, H., & Kim, C. (2001). Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Seoul: Special Education. (곽금주.박혜원.김청택 (2001). 한국 웩슬러 지능검사 지침. 서울: 특수교육.)
- Kwak, Y. (2010). The effect of oral-motor exercises for articulation clarity of students with down syndrome. M.A. Thesis, Special Education Kongju National University. (곽영일 (2010). 구강-운동 훈련프로그램이 다운증후군 학생의 조음 명료도에 미치는 영향. 공주대학교 특수교육대학원 석사학위논문.)
- Lee, O., Han, J., & Park, S. (2010). Speech Intelligibility in Syllables and Vowel Space according to Dysarthric Severity. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 2(2), 85-92. (이옥분.한지연.박상희 (2010). 마비말장애 심각도에 따른 음절단위 말명료도와 모음공간. 말소리와 음성과학, 2(2), 85-92.)
- Lorenz, G. (1998). The use of non-word repetition as a test of phonological memory in children with Down syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 39, 1119-1130. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00416
- Lyu, H. (2004). The Analysis on the Characterisics of Down's syndrome Children's Cognitive Processing. The Educational Journal for Physical and Multiple Disabilities, 43, 49-68. (류현주 (2004). 다운증후군 아동의 인지과정 특성분석. 한국지체부자유아교육학회, 43, 49-68.)
- Park, Y., & Sim, H. (2001). The characteristics of oral structures and oral-motor functions in children with Down's syndrome. Communication Sciences and Disorders, 6(2), 484-497. (박영화.심현섭 (2001). 다운증후군 아동의 구강구조 및 구강 운동적 특성. 언어청각장애연구, 6(2), 484-497.)
- Paul, R. (2002). Introduction to clinical methods in communication disorders. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
- Paul, R., Cohen, D. J., Breg, W. R., Watson, M., & Herman, S. (1984). FXS: Its relation to speech and language disorders. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 49, 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4903.326
- Pettiato, M., & Verhoeven, J. (2008). Production and perception of word stress in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Research and Practice, 13, 48-61.
- Robbins, J., & Klee, T. (1987). Clinical assessment of oropharyngeal motor development in young children. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 52, 271-277. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5203.271
- Roberts, J. E., Price, J., & Malkin, C. (2007). Language and communication development in Down syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.20136
- Roberts, J., Long, S. H., Malkin, C., Barnes, E., Skinner, M., Hennon, E. A., & Anderson, K. (2005). A comparison of phonological skills of boys with Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 48, 980-995. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2005/067)
- Roizen, N. (2007). Down syndrome. In M. Batshaw, L. Pellegrino, & N. Roizen (Eds.), Children with disabilities (pp. 307-318). London: Paul H Brookes Publishing Co.
- Schiavetti, N. (1992). Scaling procedures for the measurement of speech intelligibility. Intelligibility in Speech Disorders, 11-34.
- Seok, D. (2004). A Whole-word Approach to Phonological Analysis with Normal Children Aged from 3 to 5 Years. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 15(1), 15-28. (석동일 (2004). 단어단위 접근법에 의한 3-5 세 유아의 음운특성 분석. 언어치료연구, 15(1), 15-28.)
- Shriberg, L., & Kwiakowski, J. (1982). Phonological disorders I: A diagnostic classification system. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 47, 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4703.226
- Shriberg, L., & Kwiakowski, J. (1985). Continuous speech sampling for phonologic analysis of speech delayed children. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 50, 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5004.323
- Song, H., Lee, Y., Sim, H., & Sung, J. (2013). Complexity and Articulatory Severity on Percentage of Correct Consonant and Speech Intelligibility in Adult with Dysarthria. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 5, 39-46. (송한내 이영미 심현섭 성지은 (2013). 조음복잡성 및 조음중증도에 따른 마비말장애인의 자음정확도와 말명료도. 말소리와 음성과학, 5, 39-46.)
- Stoel-Gammon, C. (1980). Phonological analysis of four Down syndrome children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 1, 31-48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400000710
- Stoel-Gammon, C. (1997). Phonological development in DS. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 3, 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1997)3:4<300::AID-MRDD4>3.0.CO;2-R
- Strand, E. A., & McCauley, R. J. (1999). Assessment procedures for treatment planning in children with phonologic and motor speech disorders. In A. Caruso & E. Strand (Eds.), Clinical Management of Motor Speech Disorders in Children (pp. 73-107). New York: Thieme Medical.
- Strazzulla, M. (1953). Speech problems of the Mongoloid child. Quarterly Review of Pediatrics, 8, 268-273.
- Van, B. J. (1996). Articulation in Down's syndrome adolescents and adult. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 31, 414-444.
- Yoon, M., & Lee, S. (1998). A Comparative Study on the Measures of Intelligibility and Percentages of Consonants Correct Between Phonologically Disordered and Normal Children. Communication Sciences and Disorders, 3, 50-65. (윤미선.이승환 (1998). 정상 및 기능적 조음장애 아동의 자음정확도와 명료도 검사방법의 비교. 언어청각장애연구, 3, 50-65.)