DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

무선 센서 네트워크에서 플래시 장치를 활용한 에너지 효율적 저장

Energy-Efficient Storage with Flash Device in Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Park, Jung Kyu (Seoul Women's University Department of Digital Media Design and Applications) ;
  • Kim, Jaeho (UNIST School of Electrical and Computer Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2017.02.15
  • 심사 : 2017.05.17
  • 발행 : 2017.05.31

초록

본 논문에서는 WSN 환경에서 플래시 장치를 사용할 때 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 전형적인 플래시 장치는 높은 대기 에너지로 인해 에너지가 제한된 WSN에서 비효율적인 에너지 소모 저장 매체라는 단점을 가지고 있다. 플래시 장치를 WSN 환경에서 에너지 효율적으로 사용하기 가장 쉬운 방법은 유휴 상태일 때 플래시 장치를 끄는 것이다. 이와 관련하여 우리는 비휘발성 및 바이트 주소 지정 기능을 제공하는 새로운 메모리 기술인 NVRAM (Nonvolatile RAM)을 활용하여 높은 대기 에너지 소모 그리고 시작 지연시간을 제거함으로써 간단하지만 이상적인 접근 방식을 현실적으로 제안한다. 특히 NVRAM을 메타 데이터 저장소의 확장으로 사용하여 FTL 메타 데이터 검색 프로세스를 제거하여 앞의 두 가지 장애 요소를 해결 하고자 한다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법이 기존 저장장치 비해 약 1.087% 에너지 만을 사용함을 알 수 있었다.

In this paper, we propose a method for efficient use of energy when using flash device in WSN environment. Typical Flash devices have a drawback to be an energy efficient storage media in the energy-constrained WSNs due to the high standby energy. An energy efficient approach to deploy Flash devices into WSNs is simply turning the Flash device off whenever idle. In this regard, we make the simple but ideal approach realistic by removing these two obstacles by exploiting nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM), which is an emerging memory technology that provides both non-volatility and byte-addressability. Specifically, we make use of NVRAM as an extension of metadata storage to remove the FTL metadata scanning process that mainly incurs the two obstacles. Through the implementation and evaluation in a real system environment, we verify that significant energy savings without sacrificing I/O performance are feasible in WSNs by turning off the Flash device exploiting NVRAM whenever it becomes idle. Experimental results show that the proposed method consumes only about 1.087% energy compared to the conventional storage device.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. G. Lawton, "Improved flash memory grows in popularity," J. IEEE Computer, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 16-18, Jan. 2006.
  2. G. Mathur, P. Desnoyers, D. Ganesan, and P. Shenoy, "Ultra-low power data storage for sensor networks," J. ACM Trans. Sensor Networks (TOSN), vol. 5, no. 4, Nov. 2009.
  3. T. Istomin, A. L. Murphy, G. P. Picco, and U. Raza, "Data Prediction + Synchronous Transmissions = Ultra-low power wireless sensor networks," in Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Embedded Networked Sensor Syst., pp. 83-95, CA, USA, Nov. 2016.
  4. E. Gal and S. Toledo, "Algorithms and data structures for flash memories," J. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 138-163, Jun. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1145/1089733.1089735
  5. N. Tsiftes, A. Dunkels, Z. He, and T. Voigt, "Enabling large-scale storage in sensor networks with the coffee file system," in Proc. IPSN, pp. 349-360, San Francisco, USA, Apr. 2009.
  6. J. H. Yoon, E. H. Nam, Y. J. Seong, H. Kim, B. S. Kim, S. L. Min, and Y. Cho, "Chameleon: A high performance Flash/FRAM hybrid solid state disk architecture," J. IEEE Computer Architecture Lett., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17-20, May 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/L-CA.2007.17
  7. J. Kim, J. M. Kim, S. H. Noh, S. L. Min, and Y. Cho, "A space-efficient flash translation layer for compact flash systems," J. IEEE Trans. Consumer Electron., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 366-375, May 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2002.1010143
  8. SanDisk, Secure Digital Card Product Manual, Rev. 2.2, 2004.
  9. Samsung NAND Flash Memory Datasheet (K9F1208U0M), Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016, from http://www.reinerziegler.de/ique/dsk9f1208u0m.pdf.
  10. S. Nath, "Energy efficient sensor data logging with amnesic flash storage," in Proc. IPSN, pp. 157-168, San Francisco, USA, Apr. 2009.
  11. I. H. Doh, J. Choi, D. Lee, and S. H. Noh, "Exploiting non-volatile RAM to enhance flash file system performance," in Proc. 7th ACM & IEEE Int. Conf. Embedded Softw., pp. 164-173, Salzburg, Austria, Sept. 2007.
  12. H. Li and S. Hwang, "An efficient page-level mapping algorithm for handling write requests in the flash translation layer by exploiting temporal locality," J. KICS, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1167-1176, Dec. 2016. https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2016.41.10.1167
  13. S. Hong and C. Lin, "Design of a multi-protocol gateway system based on low power wireless communications," J. KICS, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 2006-1013, Oct. 2015. https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.10.2006
  14. J. Hong, J. Kwon, M. Kwon, and H. Park, "Compressed sensing based low power data transmission systems in mobile sensor networks," J. KICS, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1589-1597, Nov. 2016. https://doi.org/10.7840/kics.2016.41.11.1589