DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparative Study of Total Acidity Content of Makgeolli with Pre-Treatment and Analysis Methods

전처리과정과 분석방법에 따른 막걸리의 총산 함량 비교

  • 김예슬 (대구대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 신광섭 (대구대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이정희 (대구대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2017.03.14
  • Accepted : 2017.04.05
  • Published : 2017.05.31

Abstract

The total acidity (TA) of Makgeolli was affected by suspended solids and $CO_2$ produced during the fermentation process. Nine Makgeollis (four sterilized and five unsterilized Makgeollis) were collected in the market, and their TAs were compared before and after filtration and $CO_2$ removal. TAs of sterilized Makgeollis were 0.379~0.477%, which significantly decreased to 0.167~0.225% after filtration and 0.132~0.170% after $CO_2$ removal (P<0.05). TAs of unsterilized Makgeollis were 0.412~0.467% and decreased to 0.157~0.365% after filtration and 0.143~0.280% after $CO_2$ removal (P<0.05). TAs of Makgeollis were compared by three methods using different indicators. The TAs of sterilized and unsterilized Makgeollis were 0.105~0.123% and 0.105~0.200%, respectively, by bromthymol blue+neutral red (light green), 0.129~0.154% and 0.130~0.255%, respectively, by phenolphthalein (faint pink), and 0.120~0.146% and 0.130~0.232%, respectively, by bromthymol (blue). Nowadays, Makgeolli is commercialized with various distinct colors, and thus it is important to select appropriate indicators for proper titration endpoint identification for TA measurement. The compositions of organic acids profiles varied depending on sterilized or unsterilized Makgeollis, in which oxalic acid (0.108~0.329 mg/mL), malic acid (ND to 0.134 mg/mL), lactic acid (0.127~0.776 mg/mL), and citric acid (ND to 1.159 mg/mL) were found, and lactic acid was in unsterilized more than sterilized Makgeollis.

막걸리의 총산 함량은 함유된 부유물과 발효과정에서 발생한 탄산가스의 제거 여부 및 분석방법들에 의해 영향을 받는다. 시중 유통되는 막걸리를 여과하여 부유물을 제거하고 magnetic bar로 stirring 하여 탄산가스를 제거한 후 총산을 분석한 결과 살균막걸리(4종)의 여과 전 0.379~0.477% 총산이 여과 후 0.167~0.225%로, 탄산 제거 후에는 0.132~0.170%로 유의적으로 감소하였고(P<0.05), 생막걸리(5종)는 여과 전 0.412~0.467%의 총산이 여과 후에는 0.157~0.365%로(P<0.05), 탄산 제거 후에는 0.143~0.280%로 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 총산 분석방법을 비교한 결과 BTB+NR 지시약을 사용한 경우 살균막걸리와 생막걸리의 총산 함량은 각각 0.105~0.123%와 0.105~0.200%로써 막걸리의 총산 기준 규격인 0.5(acetic acid%) 이하로 분석되었다. 반면 AOAC 분석법인 phenolphthalein 용액으로 적정한 경우 살균막걸리와 생막걸리의 총산 함량은 각각 0.129~0.154%와 0.130~0.255%였고, pH 8.2를 적정점으로 한 경우 0.137~0.162%와 0.140~0.279%로 나타나 총산 함량이 높게 나타났다. BTB 용액으로 적정한 경우 BTB+NR 지시약을 사용한 경우보다는 높고 AOAC법보다는 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 막걸리에 함유된 유기산은 oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid+succinic acid였으며, malic acid는 H와 I를 제외한 모든 막걸리에서 0.030~0.134 mg/mL, acetic acid+succinic acid는 0.056~0.372 mg/mL, lactic acid는 0.127~0.776 mg/mL로 살균막걸리보다 생막걸리에 비교적 많이 함유되었고, citric acid는 ND~1.159 mg/mL로 분석되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. MFDS. 2015. Korea Food Code. Ministry of Food & Drug Safety, Seoul, Korea. p 184.
  2. Kwon YH, Jo SJ, Kim JH, Ahn BH. 2010. Fermentation characteristics and volatile compounds in yakju made with various brewing conditions; glutinous rice and pre-treatment. Kor J Mirobiol Biotechnol 38: 46-52.
  3. Kim GW, Kim JH, Noh BS, Ahn BH, Yeo SH, Cho HC. 2012. Makgeolli and Yakju: Science and Application. Soohaksa, Seoul, Korea. p 125-177.
  4. Rhee SJ, Lee CY, Kim KK, Lee CH. 2003. Comparison of the traditional (Samhaeju) and industrial (Chongju) rice wine brewing in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 12: 242-247.
  5. Kwon YH, Lee AR, Kim HR, Kim JH, Ahn BH. 2013. Quality properties of makgeolli brewed with various rice and koji. Korean J Food Sci Technol 45: 70-76. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.1.70
  6. Choi GI, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Kim HR, Kim DH, Ahn JS, Son YG, Song IH. 2012. Changes of organic acids in takju during storage conditions. J Fd Hyg Safety 27: 127-132. https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2012.27.2.127
  7. Song JC, Park HJ. 2003. Takju brewing using the uncooked germed brown rice at second stage mash. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 847-854. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.847
  8. Jeong JW, Park KJ, Kim MH, Kim DS. 2006. Quality characteristics of takju fermentation by addition of chestnut peel powder. Korean J Food Preserv 13: 329-336.
  9. AOAC. 2000. Official method of analysis. 17th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. Method 962.12, 920.49.
  10. OIV. 2015. Compendium of international methods of wine and must analysis. International Organization of Vine and Wine, Paris, France. Vol 2, Method OIV-MA-AS313-01.
  11. Choi EJ, Jung JJ, Lee JW, Kang ST. 2010. Effect of UV sterilization on quality of centrifuged Takju during storage. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 461-466. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.3.461
  12. Kim JY, Sung KW, Bae HW, Yi YH. 2007. pH, acidity, color, reducing sugar, total sugar, alcohol and organoleptic characteristics of puffed rice powder added Takju during fermentation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 39: 266-271.
  13. Yang HS, Eun JB. 2011. Fermentation and sensory characteristics of Korean traditional fermented liquor (makgeolli) added with citron (Citrus junos SIEB ex TANAKA) juice. Korean J Food Sci Technol 43: 438-445. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.4.438
  14. Kim OK, Park SS, Sung JM. 2012. Antioxidant activity and fermentation characteristics of traditional black rice wine. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41: 1693-1700. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.12.1693
  15. Kim GW, Lee JH, Lee SA, Shim JY. 2012. Brewing characteristics of grape-makgeolli. Food Eng Proc 16: 263-269.
  16. Jeon MH, Lee WJ. 2011. Characteristics of blueberry added Makgeolli. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 444-449. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.3.444
  17. ASBC. 2003. Methods of analysis. 14th ed. American Society of Brewing Chemists, St. Paul, MN, USA. Method Beer-8.
  18. Ji YJ, Chung HJ. 2012. Changes in quality characteristics of Makgeolli during storage time. Korean J Food Cult 27: 383-390. https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2012.27.4.383
  19. Lee TJ, Hwang DY, Lee CY, Son HJ. 2009. Changes in yeast cell number, total acid and organic acid during production and distribution processes of Makgeolli, traditional alcohol of Korea. Kor J Microbiol 45: 391-396.
  20. Park CW, Jang SY, Park EJ, Yeo SH, Kim OM, Jeong YJ. 2011. Comparison of the quality characteristics of commercial makgeolli type in South Korea. Korean J Food Preserv 18: 884-890. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2011.18.6.884
  21. Oh SK, Kim DJ, Ryu SJ, Chun A, Yoon MR, Choi IS, Hong HC, Kim YK. 2011. Quality characteristics of Korean traditional wine using Seolgaengbyeo for brewing rice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 1189-1194. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.8.1189
  22. Park CS, Lee TS. 2002. Quality characteristics of takju prepared by wheat flour nuruks. Korean J Food Sci Technol 34: 296-302.
  23. Lee WK, Kim JR, Lee MW. 1987. Studies on the changes in free amino acids and organic acids of Takju prepared with different Koji strains. J Korean Agric Chem Soc 30: 323-327.
  24. Lee SJ, Kim JH, Jung YW, Park S, Shin WC, Park CS, Hong S, Kim GW. 2011. Composition of organic acids and physiological functionality of commercial makgeolli. Korean J Food Sci Technol 43: 206-212. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.2.206
  25. Lee H, Kim YS, Kim DY, Kim SY, Lee WK, Lee SM, Park JD, Shon MY. 2015. A study on manufacturing of red ginseng Makgeolli using the red ginseng starch and changes of physicochemical components of red ginseng Makgeolli during storage periods. Korean J Food Preserv 22: 369-376. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2015.22.3.369

Cited by

  1. Quality Characteristics of Sterilized Makgeollies brewed with Different Materials vol.27, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2017.12.27.6.658