Advances in environmental research

  • 제6권1호
  • /
  • Pages.67-81
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 2234-1722(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-1730(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mathematical model for reactive transport of heavy metals in soil column: Based on PHREEQC and HP1 simulators

  • 투고 : 2017.03.10
  • 심사 : 2017.05.02
  • 발행 : 2017.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Mining activities play a significant role in environmental pollution by producing large amounts of tailings which comprise heavy metals. The impressive increase in mining activities in recent decades, due to their high influence on the industry of developing countries, duplicates the need for a substantial effort to develop and apply efficient measures of pollution control, mitigation, and abatement. In this study, our objective was to investigate the effect of simulation of the leachate, pH and inflow intensity of transport of $Pb^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, and $Cd^{2+}$ through Lakan lead and zinc plant tailings, in Iran, and to evaluate the modeling efficiency by comparing the modeling results and the results obtained from previous column studies. We used the HP1 model and the PHREEQC database to simulate metals transport through a saturated soil column during a 15 day time period. The simulations assumed local equilibrium. As expected, a lower pH and inflow intensity increased metal transport. The retardation of heavy metals followed the order $Zn^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $Cd^{2+}$ and the removal concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn at the inflow intensity critical scenario, and Cd and Pb at inflow acidity critical scenario exceeded the allowable EPA and Iranian's 1053 standard thresholds. However, although the simulation results generally agreed well with the results of the column study, improvements are expected by using multi-dimensional models and a kinetic modeling approach for the reactions involved. The results of such investigations will be highly useful for designing preventative strategies to control reactive transport of hazardous metals and minimize their environmental effects.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Beni, A.N., Stanjek, H. and Clauser, C. (2014), "The formation of iron hydroxide coatings in an Emscher Marl: Inverse reactive transport modeling of reactive surface area", Environ. Earth Sci., 71(2), 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2478-9
  2. Brown, J.G., Bassett, R.L. and Glynn, P.D. (1993), "Analysis and simulation of reactive transport of metal contaminants in ground water in Pinal Creek Basin, Arizona", J. Hydrol., 209(1), 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00091-2
  3. Chotpantarat S., Ong, S.K., Sutthirat, C. and Osathaphan, K. (2001), "Effect of pH on transport of $Pb^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}\;and\;Ni^{2+}$ through lateritic soil: Column experiments and transport modeling", J. Environ. Sci., 23(4), 640-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60417-2
  4. Concas, A., Ardou, C., Cristini, A., Zuddas, P. and Cao, G. (2005), "Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in a mining activity contaminated site", Chemos., 63(2), 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.024
  5. Dolati Ardejani, F., Jodieri Shokri, B., Moradzadeh, A., Soleimani, E. and Ansari Jafari, M. (2008), "A combined mathematical geophysical model for prediction of pyrite oxidation and pollutant leaching associate with a coal washing waste dump", J. Sci. Technol., 5(4), 517-526.
  6. Fala, O., Aubertin, M., Molson, J., Bussiere, B., Wilson, G. and Chapuis, R. (2003), "Numerical modeling of unsaturated flow in uniform and heterogeneous waste rock piles", Proceedings of the 6th ICARD, Caims, QLD, July.
  7. Grathwohl, P., Rugner, H., Wohling, T., Osenbruck, K., Schwientek, M., Gayler, S. and Grzeschik, M. (2013), "Catchments as reactors: A comprehensive approach for water fluxes and solute turnover", Environ. Earth Sci., 69(2), 317-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2281-7
  8. Jacobsen, O.H., Leij, F.J. and Van Genuchten, M. (1992), "Parameter determination for chloride and tritium transport in undisturbed lysimeters during steady flow", Nor. Hydrol., 23(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.1992.0007
  9. Jacques, D. and Simunek, J. (2010), Notes on HP1-A software Package for Simulating Variably-Saturated Water Flow, Heat Transport, Solute Transport, and Biogeochemistry in Porous Media, Version 2.2, SCK.CEN-BLG-1068, Waste and Disposal, SCK.CEN, Mol, Belgium.
  10. Jacques, D., Kim, D.J., Diels, J., Vanderborght, J., Vereecken, H. and Feyen, J. (1998), "Analysis of steadystate chloride transport through two heterogeneous field soils", Wat. Res. Res., 34(10), 2539-2550. https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01873
  11. Jacques, D., Simunek, J., Mallants, D. and Van Genuchten, M. (2008), "Modeling coupled water flow, solute transport and geochemical reactions affecting heavy metal migration in a podzol soil", Geoderm., 145(3-4), 449-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.01.009
  12. Khodadadi Darban, A., Koleini, S., Marzban, M. and Yong, R. (2012), Study of Leachability of Heavy Metals from Zinc Flotation Plant Tailings Dam Sediments, ASTM Standard, Contaminated Sediments, 5th Volume, Restoration of Aquatic Environment STP1554.
  13. Lefebvre, M., Hockley, D., Smolensky, J. and Lamontagne, A. (2001), "Multiphase transfer processes in waste rock piles producing acid mine drainage 2 applications of numerical simulation", J. Hydrol., 52(1),165-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90103-7
  14. Maier, U., Flegr, M., Rugner, H. and Grathwohl, P. (2013), "Long-term solute transport and geochemical equilibria in seepage water and groundwater in a catchment cross section", Environ. Earth Sci., 69(2), 429-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2393-0
  15. Mallants, D., Vanclooster, M. and Feyen, J. (1996), "Transect study on solute transport in a macroporous soil", Hydrol. Proc., 10(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199601)10:1<55::AID-HYP299>3.0.CO;2-N
  16. Marzban, M. (2008), "Study of effective parameters on transport of hazardous waste from lakan sulfide Zinc flotation plant to environment", M.S. Dissertation, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
  17. Michel, K., Roose, M. and Ludwig, B. (2007), "Comparison of different approaches for modeling heavy metal transport in acidic soils", Geoderm., 140(1-2), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.005
  18. Michel, K., Roose, M. and Ludwig, B. (2007), "Comparison of different approaches for modelling heavy metal transport in acidic soils", Geoderm., 140(1), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.005
  19. Millington, R. and Quirk, P.J. (1961), "Permeability of porous media", Trans. Farad. Soc., 57(7), 1200-1207. https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9615701200
  20. Molson, J., Fala, O., Aubertin, M. and Bussiere, B. (2005), "Numerical simulations of pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage in unsaturated waste rock piles", J. Contam. Hydrol., 78(4), 343-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.005
  21. Motalebi, A., Asadollahfardi, G. and Khodadi, A. (2012), "Effective parameter predictions in metals transport from the zanjan zinc mine tailings using PHREEQC", Mine Wat. Environ., 31(4), 339-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-012-0201-9
  22. Mualem, Y. (1976), "A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media", Wat. Res. Res., 12(3), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i003p00513
  23. Nair, S., Karimzadeh, L. and Merkel, B.J. (2014), "Surface complexation modeling of uranium (VI) sorption on quartz in the presence and absence of alkaline earth metals", Environ. Earth Sci., 71(4), 1737-1745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2579-5
  24. Nguyen, T.H., Ohtsubo, M., Li, L., Higashi, T. and Kanayama, M. (2010), "Heavy metal characterization and leachability", J. Soil Sedim. Wat., 3(1), 1-21.
  25. Pang, L., Close, M., Schneider, D. and Stanton, G. (2002), "Effect of pore water velocity on chemical nonequilibrium transport of Cd, Zn, and Pb in alluvial gravel columns", J. Contam. Hydrol., 57(3), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00223-6
  26. Parkhurst, D.L. and Appelo, C.A.J. (1999), User's guide to PHREEQC (Version 2), A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations, Water Resources Investigation, Report 99-4259, Denver, Co, U.S.A.
  27. Pot, V., Simunek, J., Benoit, P., Coquet, Y., Yra, A. and Martinez-Cordon, M.L. (2005), "Impact of rainfall intensity on the transport of two herbicides in undisturbed grassed filter strip soil cores", J. Contam. Hydrol., 81(1-4), 63-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.06.013
  28. Seuntjens, P., Mallants, D., Simunek, J., Patyn, J. and Jacques, D. (2002), "Sensitivity analysis of physical and chemical properties affecting field-scale transport in a heterogeneous soil profile", J. Hydrol., 264(1), 185-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00071-9
  29. Simunek, J. (2007), Models for Soil Pollution Risk Assessment, Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Air, Water and Soil Quality Modelling for Risk and Impact Assessment, Springer, the Netherlands.
  30. Simunek, J., Jarvis, N.J., Van Genuchten, M. and Gardenas, A. (2003), "Review and comparison of models for describing non-equilibrium and preferential flow and transport in the vadose zone", J. Hydrol., 272(1), 14-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00252-4
  31. Simunek, J., Sejna, M., Saito, H., Sakai, M. and Van Genuchten, M. (2008a), The HYDRUS-1D Software Package for Simulating the Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably Saturated Media, Version 4.0, HYDRUS Software Series 3, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, U.S.A.
  32. Simunek, J., Van Genuchten, M. and Sejna, M. (2008b), "Development and applications of the HYDRUS and STANMOD software packages, and related codes", Vados. Zone J., 7(2), 587-600. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0077
  33. Snow, V.O., Clothier, B.E., Scotter, D.R. and White, R.E. (1994), "Solute transport in a layered soil: Experiments and modeling using the convection-dispersion approach", J. Cont. Hydrol., 16(4), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(94)90043-4
  34. Standard 1053 (0202), Drinking Water-Physical and Chemical Specifications, 5th Edition.
  35. Tipping, E., Rieuwerts, J., Pan, G., Ashmore, M.R., Lofts, S., Hill, M.T.R. and Thornton, I. (2003), "The solid-solution partitioning of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in upland soils of England and Wales", Environ. Pollut., 125(2), 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00058-7
  36. Van Genuchten, M. (1980), "A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44(5), 892-898. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
  37. Vanderborght, J., Timmerman, A. and Feyen, J. (2000), "Solute transport for steady-state and transient flow in soils with and without macropores", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 64(4), 1305-1317. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6441305x
  38. Vogel, T. and Cislerova, M. (1988), "On the reliability of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity calculated from the moisture retention curve", Transp. Por. Med., 3(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00222683
  39. Vogel, T., Cislerova, M. and Hopmans, J.W. (1991), "Porous media with linearly variable hydraulic properties", Wat. Res. Res., 27(10), 2735-2741. https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR01676
  40. Weber, J.R., McGinley, P.M. and Katz, L.E. (1991), "Sorption phenomena in subsurface systems: concepts, models and effects on contaminant fate and transport", Wat. Res., 25(5), 499-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90125-A
  41. Weng, L., Temminghof, E.J.M., Lofts, S., Tipping, E. and Van Riemsdijk, W.H. (2002), "Complexation with dissolved organic matter and solubility control of heavy metals in a sandy soil", Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(22), 4804-4810. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0200084
  42. Wu, G. and Li, L.Y. (1998), "Modeling of heavy metal migration in sand/bentonite and the leachate pH effect", J. Contam. Hydrol., 33(3-4), 313-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00075-8
  43. Wuana, R.A., Eneji, I.S. and Naku, J.U. (2016), "Single and mixed chelants-assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals in municipal waste dump soil by castor", Adv. Environ. Res., 5(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2016.5.1.019

피인용 문헌

  1. The impact of municipal waste disposal of heavy metals on environmental pollution: A case study for Tonekabon, Iran vol.9, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2020.9.3.175