References
- Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, Ghali WA, Ferris M, Chernoff G, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology 2012;142:46-54. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.10.001
- Yang SK, Yun S, Kim JH, Park JY, Kim HY, Kim YH, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Songpa-Kangdong district, Seoul, Korea, 1986-2005: a KASID study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14:542-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20310
- Kappelman MD, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, Ollendorf D, Bousvaros A, Grand RJ, et al. The prevalence and geographic distribution of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:1424-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2007.07.012
- Hellers G, Bergstrand O, Ewerth S, Holmstrom B. Occurrence and outcome after primary treatment of anal fistulae in Crohn’s disease. Gut 1980;21:525-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.21.6.525
- Schwartz DA, Loftus EV Jr, Tremaine WJ, Panaccione R, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, et al. The natural history of fistulizing Crohn’s disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Gastroenterology 2002;122:875-80. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.32362
- Eglinton TW, Barclay ML, Gearry RB, Frizelle FA. The spectrum of perianal Crohn’s disease in a population-based cohort. Dis Colon Rectum 2012;55:773-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0b013e31825228b0
- Kamm MA, Ng SC. Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: a call to action. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:7-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2007.10.010
- Dejaco C, Harrer M, Waldhoer T, Miehsler W, Vogelsang H, Reinisch W. Antibiotics and azathioprine for the treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;18:1113-20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01793.x
- Soon SY, Ansari A, Yaneza M, Raoof S, Hirst J, Sanderson JD. Experience with the use of low-dose methotrexate for inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;16:921-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200409000-00018
- Sands BE, Anderson FH, Bernstein CN, Chey WY, Feagan BG, Fedorak RN, et al. Infliximab maintenance therapy for fistulizing Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:876-85. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030815
- Hanauer SB, Sandborn WJ, Rutgeerts P, Fedorak RN, Lukas M, MacIntosh D, et al. Human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody (adalimumab) in Crohn’s disease: the CLASSIC-I trial. Gastroenterology 2006;130:323-33 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.030
- Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Stoinov S, Honiball PJ, Rutgeerts P, Mason D, et al. Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 2007;357:228-38. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067594
- Geltzeiler CB, Wieghard N, Tsikitis VL. Recent developments in the surgical management of perianal fistula for Crohn’s disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2014;27:320-30.
-
Haennig A, Staumont G, Lepage B, Faure P, Alric L, Buscail L, et al. The results of seton drainage combined with anti-TNF
${\alpha}$ therapy for anal fistula in Crohn’s disease. Colorectal Dis 2015;17:311-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12851 - Garcia-Olmo D, Garcia-Arranz M, Garcia LG, Cuellar ES, Blanco IF, Prianes LA, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for treatment of rectovaginal fistula in perianal Crohn’s disease: a new cell-based therapy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2003;18:451-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-003-0490-3
- Parks AG, Gordon PH, Hardcastle JD. A classification of fistula-in-ano. Br J Surg 1976;63:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800630102
- Bell SJ, Williams AB, Wiesel P, Wilkinson K, Cohen RC, Kamm MA. The clinical course of fistulating Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:1145-51. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01561.x
- Sandborn WJ, Fazio VW, Feagan BG, Hanauer SB; American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Practice Committee. AGA technical review on perianal Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1508-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gastro.2003.08.025
- Gecse KB, Bemelman W, Kamm MA, Stoker J, Khanna R, Ng SC, et al. A global consensus on the classification, diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment of perianal fistulising Crohn’s disease. Gut 2014;63:1381-92. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306709
- Papaconstantinou I, Kontis E, Koutoulidis V, Mantzaris G, Vassiliou I. Surgical management of fistula-in-ano among patients with Crohn’s disease: analysis of outcomes after fistulotomy or seton placement-single-center experience. Scand J Surg 2017;106:211-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1457496916665763
- Koganei K, Sugita A, Harada H, Fukushima T, Shimada H. Seton treatment for perianal Crohn’s fistulas. Surg Today 1995;25:32-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309382
- Thornton M, Solomon MJ. Long-term indwelling seton for complex anal fistulas in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48:459-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-004-0830-6
- Kotze PG, Albuquerque IC, da Luz Moreira A, Tonini WB, Olandoski M, Coy CS. Perianal complete remission with combined therapy (seton placement and anti-TNF agents) in Crohn’s disease: a Brazilian multicenter observational study. Arq Gastroenterol 2014;51:284-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-28032014000400004
- Kodner IJ, Mazor A, Shemesh EI, Fry RD, Fleshman JW, Birnbaum EH. Endorectal advancement flap repair of rectovaginal and other complicated anorectal fistulas. Surgery 1993;114:682-9.
- Gottgens KW, Smeets RR, Stassen LP, Beets GL, Pierik M, Breukink SO. Treatment of Crohn’s disease-related high perianal fistulas combining the mucosa advancement flap with platelet-rich plasma: a pilot study. Tech Coloproctol 2015;19:455-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-015-1311-8
- Venkatesh KS, Ramanujam P. Fibrin glue application in the treatment of recurrent anorectal fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:1136-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02238564
- Romanos GE, Strub JR. Effect of Tissucol on connective tissue matrix during wound healing: an immunohistochemical study in rat skin. J Biomed Mater Res 1998;39:462-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(19980305)39:3<462::AID-JBM17>3.0.CO;2-C
- Vitton V, Gasmi M, Barthet M, Desjeux A, Orsoni P, Grimaud JC. Long-term healing of Crohn’s anal fistulas with fibrin glue injection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:1453-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02456.x
- Lindsey I, Smilgin-Humphreys MM, Cunningham C, Mortensen NJ, George BD. A randomized, controlled trial of fibrin glue vs. conventional treatment for anal fistula. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:1608-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-004-7247-0
- Yamamoto T, Allan RN, Keighley MR. Effect of fecal diversion alone on perianal Crohn’s disease. World J Surg 2000;24:1258-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002680010250
- Mueller MH, Geis M, Glatzle J, Kasparek M, Meile T, Jehle EC, et al. Risk of fecal diversion in complicated perianal Crohn’s disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2007;11:529-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-006-0029-3
- Galandiuk S, Kimberling J, Al-Mishlab TG, Stromberg AJ. Perianal Crohn disease: predictors of need for permanent diversion. Ann Surg 2005;241:796-801. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000161030.25860.c1
- Kasparek MS, Glatzle J, Temeltcheva T, Mueller MH, Koenigsrainer A, Kreis ME. Long-term quality of life in patients with Crohn’s disease and perianal fistulas: influence of fecal diversion. Dis Colon Rectum 2007;50:2067-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10350-007-9006-5
- Rojanasakul A, Pattanaarun J, Sahakitrungruang C, Tantiphlachiva K. Total anal sphincter saving technique for fistula-inano;the ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:581-6.
- Bleier JI, Moloo H, Goldberg SM. Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract: an effective new technique for complex fistulas. Dis Colon Rectum 2010;53:43-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181bb869f
- Gingold DS, Murrell ZA, Fleshner PR. A prospective evaluation of the ligation of the intersphincteric tract procedure for complex anal fistula in patients with Crohn’s disease. Ann Surg 2014;260:1057-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000479
- Kaminski JP, Zaghiyan K, Fleshner P. Increasing experience of ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract for patients with Crohn's disease: what have we learned? Colorectal Dis 2017;19:750-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.13668
- Garcia-Olmo D, Herreros D, Pascual I, Pascual JA, Del-Valle E, Zorrilla J, et al. Expanded adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex perianal fistula: a phase II clinical trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2009;52:79-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/DCR.0b013e3181973487
- de la Portilla F, Alba F, Garcia-Olmo D, Herrerias JM, Gonzalez FX, Galindo A. Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (eASCs) for the treatment of complex perianal fistula in Crohn’s disease: results from a multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013;28:313-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-012-1581-9
- Lee WY, Park KJ, Cho YB, Yoon SN, Song KH, Kim DS, et al. Autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells treatment demonstrated favorable and sustainable therapeutic effect for Crohn’s fistula. Stem Cells 2013;31:2575-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1357
- Cho YB, Park KJ, Yoon SN, Song KH, Kim DS, Jung SH, et al. Long-term results of adipose-derived stem cell therapy for the treatment of Crohn’s fistula. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015;4:532-7. https://doi.org/10.5966/sctm.2014-0199
- Panes J, Garcia-Olmo D, Van Assche G, Colombel JF, Reinisch W, Baumgart DC, et al. Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Cx601) for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Lancet 2016;388:1281-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31203-X
- de la Portilla F, Alba F, Garcia-Olmo D, Herrerias JM, Gonzalez FX, Galindo A. Expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (eASCs) for the treatment of complex perianal fistula in Crohn’s disease: results from a multicenter phase I/IIa clinical trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013;28:313-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-012-1581-9