Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Promotive Effect of Polygonum multiflorum radix Ethanol Extract on Melanogenesis

적하수오 에탄올 추출물의 melanin 합성 촉진효과

  • Received : 2016.11.18
  • Accepted : 2017.02.06
  • Published : 2017.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Hair color is determined by kind and amount of melanin. Melanocyte mainly synthesizes melanin from L-tyrosine by stimulation of ultra violet. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in greying hair. Polygonum multiflorum radix has been reported to inhibit the aging process that black color of hair is turned into grey color. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Polygoni multiflorium radix ethanol extract (PMEE) on melanin synthesis related to black hair growth. In anti-oxidant experiment, PMEE decreased DPPH radical and increased reducing power, indicating that PMEE could eliminate ROS involved in greying hair. PMEE decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of PMEE on the production of melanin was determined by DOPA assay and tyrosinase activity. PMEE increased tyrosinase activity and promoted melanin synthesis. In addition, the expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as well as anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) and catalase were examined using western blot analysis. The expression levels of SOD-3 and catalase were decreased due to the enhanced antioxidant activity of PMEE. In particular, PMEE increased the expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-2. These results suggest that PMEE could promote melanin synthesis that involved in tuning gray hair into black hair.

모발의 색은 melanin의 종류와 양에 의해 결정 된다. Melanocyte는 주로 자외선 자극에 의하여 L-tyrosine으로부터 멜라닌을 합성한다. 활성산소종은 백발의 진행과정에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 적하수오는 백발화되는 노화과정을 억제한다고 보고되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 흑모발생과 연관된 melanin 합성에 대한 적하수오 에탄올 추출물(PMEE)의 효능을 조사한 것이다. 항산화 실험에서 PMEE는 DPPH radical을 감소시켰고 환원력을 증가시켜 PMEE는 백발과정에 관여하는 활성산소종을 소거할 수 있다고 볼 수 있다. PMEE는 농도 의존적으로 세포생존능을 감소시켰다. 더욱이 melanin의 생성에 대한 PMEE의 효과는 DOPA assay와 tyrosinase 활성측정에 의하여 결정되었다. PMEE는 tyrosinase 활성을 증가시켰으며 melanin 합성을 촉진시켰다. 뿐만 아니라 Western blot 분석을 이용하여 tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 및 MITF 뿐만 아니라 SOD-3와 catalase와 같은 항산화 효소의 단백질 발현을 조사하였다. PMEE의 항산화 활성의 증가로 인하여 SOD-3와 catalase의 발현 수준은 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 특히, PMEE는 tyrosinase와 TRP-2의 발현 수준은 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 PMEE가 백발화 된 모발에서 흑발로 변하는 것과 관련된 melanin 합성을 촉진할 수 있다는 것을 암시하고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ashrafuzzaman, M., Yamamoto, T., Shibata, N., Hirayama, T. T. and Kobayashi, M. 2010. Potential involvement of the stem cell factor receptor c-kit in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and semiquantitative investigations. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 43, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.09032
  2. Balasubramanian, P., Jagadeesan, S. and Thomas, J. 2015. Imatinib-induced extensive hyperpigmentation in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia. Indian J. Dermatol. 60, 523.
  3. Be Tu, P. T., Nguyen, B. C. Q., Tawata, S., Yun, C. Y., Kim, E. G. and Maruta, H. 2016. The serum/PDGF-dependent" melanogenic" role of the minute level of the oncogenic kinase PAK1 in melanoma cells proven by the highly sensitive kinase assay. Drug Discov. Ther. 10, 314-322. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2016.01062
  4. Campisi, J. 2013. Aging, cellular senescence, and cancer. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 75, 685-705. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183653
  5. D'Mello, S. A., Finlay, G. J., Baguley, B. C. and Askarian- Amiri, M. E. 2016. Signaling pathways in melanogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 1144. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071144
  6. Hachinohe, M. and Matsumoto, H. 2005. Involvement of reactive oxygen species generated from melanin synthesis pathway in phytotoxicty of L-DOPA. J. Chem. Ecol. 31, 237-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-1338-9
  7. Hoogduijn, M., Cemeli, E., Ross, K., Anderson, D., Thody, A. and Wood, J. 2004. Melanin protects melanocytes and keratinocytes against H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks through its ability to bind Ca 2+. Exp. Cell Res. 294, 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.11.007
  8. Hunt, G., Donatien, P. D., Lunec, J., Todd, C., Kyne, S. and Thody, A. J. 1994. Cultured human melanocytes respond to MSH peptides and ACTH. Pigment Cell Res. 7, 217-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1994.tb00052.x
  9. Imai, J., Ide, N., Nagae, S., Moriguchi, T., Matsuura, H. and Itakura, Y. 1994. Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of aged garlic extract and its constituents. Planta Med. 60, 417-420. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959522
  10. Jang, T. W., Nam, S. H. and Park, J. H. 2016. Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage of ethyl acetate fractions extracted from cone of red pine (Pinus densiflora). Hangug Jaweon Sigmul Haghoeji 29, 163-170.
  11. Kim, H. E. and Lee, S. G. 2013. Induction of ATP synthase ${\beta}$ by H 2 O 2 induces melanogenesis by activating PAH and cAMP/CREB/MITF signaling in melanoma cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 45, 1217-1222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.006
  12. Kim, H. J., Kim, I. S., Dong, Y., Lee, I. S., Kim, J. S., Kim, J. S., Woo, J. T. and Cha, B. Y. 2015. Melanogenesis-inducing effect of cirsimaritin through increases in microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor and tyrosinase expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16, 8772-8788. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16048772
  13. Kim, J. 1997. Illustrated natural drugs encyclopedia (color edition). Namsandang. Korea J. 1, 37.
  14. Kwon, E. J. and Kim, M. M. 2013. Effect of oenanthe javanica ethanolic extracts on antioxidant activity and melanogenesis in melanoma cells. J. Life. Sci. 23, 1428-1435. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.12.1428
  15. Lopez-Otin, C. and Blasco, M. A. 2013. a., Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. XThe hallmarks of aging. Cell 153, 1194-1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
  16. Lee, E., Kim, H., Yu, J. M., Cho, Y. H., Kim, D. I., Shin, Y., Cho, Y., Kwon, O. J. and An, B. 2014. Anti-inflammatory effect of Polygonum multiflorum extraction in activated RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide. Kor. J. Food. Preserv. 21, 740-746. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.5.740
  17. Na, M. K., Park, J. Y., An, R. B., A., Lee, S. M., Kim, Y. H., Lee, J. P., Seong, R. S., S., Lee, K. S. and Bae, K. H. 2000. Quality evaluation of polygoni multiflori radix. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 31, 335-339.
  18. Oyaizu, M. 1986. Studies on products of browning reaction. Jpn. J. Nutr. Die. 44, 307-315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
  19. Raposo, G. and Marks, M. S. 2007. Melanosomes-dark organelles enlighten endosomal membrane transport. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 786-797. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2258
  20. Seiberg, M. 2013. Age‐induced hair greying-the multiple effects of oxidative stress. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 35, 532-538. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12090
  21. Seifried, H. E., Anderson, D. E., Fisher, E. I. and Milner, J. A. 2007. A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. J. Nutr. Biochem. 18, 567-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.10.007
  22. Seo, H., Seo, G. Y., Ko, S. Z. and Park, Y. H. 2011. Inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts from Polygoni multiflori radix and Cynanchi wilfordii radix on melanogenesis in melanoma cells. J. Kor. Soc. Food. Sci. Nutr. 40, 1086-1091. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.8.1086
  23. Slominski, A., Tobin, D. J., Shibahara, S. and Wortsman, J. 2004. Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation. Physiol. Rev. 84, 1155-1228. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00044.2003
  24. Thanh, D. T. H., Thanh, N. L. and Thang, N. D. 2016. Toxicological and melanin synthesis effects of Polygonum multiflorum root extracts on zebrafish embryos and human melanocytes. Biomedi. Res. Ther. 3, 42. https://doi.org/10.7603/s40730-016-0042-4
  25. Wang, W., Wang, J. H. and Shi, T. R. 1988. Effect of polygonum multiflorum on the life-span and lipid metabolism in senile Japanese quails. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 8, 223-224,
  26. Wood, J. M., Decker, H., Hartmann, H., Chavan, B., Rokos, H., Spencer, J., Hasse, S., Thornton, M. J., Shalbaf, M. and Paus, R. 2009. Senile hair graying: H2O2-mediated oxidative stress affects human hair color by blunting methionine sulfoxide repair. FASEB J. 23, 2065-2075. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.08-125435