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Effects of family meals on eating behavior, academic achievement and quality of life - Based on the students of middle school at Goyangsi, Gyeonggido -

가족식사가 식생활태도, 학업성취도 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 - 경기도 고양시 소재 중학생을 중심으로 -

  • Shin, Woo-Kyoung (Department of Home Economics Education, Korea University) ;
  • Kang, So Young (The Graduate School of Education, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Yookyung (Department of Home Economics Education, Korea University)
  • 신우경 (고려대학교 가정교육과) ;
  • 강소영 (고려대학교 교육대학원) ;
  • 김유경 (고려대학교 가정교육과)
  • Received : 2017.11.13
  • Accepted : 2017.12.30
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of family meals on eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life among middle school students. A total of 302 participants were recruited from a middle school at Goyangsi. We asked participants about family meals, eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life, using structured questionnaires. Family meal questionnaires were classified according to frequency, rules, and awareness. The findings of this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences between rules(p<0.05) and awareness (p<0.05) of family meals and family type. Second, there were statistically significant differences between frequency and awareness of family meals and eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between rules about family meals and eating behaviors and quality of life. Third, we found that factors of family meal were positively related to the eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life at the level of statistical significance. Finally, we found that participants with a higher frequency of family meals and more positive eating behavior were more likely to higher academic achievement and quality of life than those in lower frequency of family meals and less positive eating behavior among middle school students. The frequency of family meals has a strong effect on higher academic achievement and better quality of life. In conclusion, engagement in family meals was related to better eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life among middle school students. Our findings may warrant further studies to support the benefit of family meals in improving eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life among high school students as well as middle school students.

본 연구에서는 가족식사가 청소년들의 식생활태도와 학업성취도 그리고 삶의 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구하였다. 경기도 고양시 소재 중학교 1, 2, 3학년 남녀학생 302명을 대상으로 가족식사를 빈도, 규칙, 인식의 각 요인으로 나누어 청소년의 식생활태도, 학업성취도, 그리고 삶의 질과의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 조사 항목은 일반적인 가족식사 패턴과, 가족식사는 빈도, 규칙, 인식의 세 가지 요인으로 나누어 각 요인을 조사하였다. 식생활태도는 중학생의 식생활 특성을 반영하여 영양, 배려, 예절, 행복감의 세부항목으로 총 19개의 항목으로 측정하였다. 학업성취도에 관한 설문은 각 과목에 대한 학업성취도를 측정하였다. 삶의 질은 신체적 건강 관련 삶의 질 4항목, 정신적 건강 관련 삶의 질 10항목, 그리고 경제적 만족도와 관련한 삶의 질 3항목의 총 17개 항목으로 구성하여 측정하였다. 자료 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족형태에 따라 가족식사 규칙(p<0.05)과 인식(p<0.05)에 유의한 차이를 보이는 이는 반면, 맞벌이여부에 따라서는 가족식사 빈도(p<0.05)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 가족식사 요인에 따른 식생활태도, 학업성취도, 삶의 질의 차이를 분석한 결과 빈도와 인식에 따라 식생활태도(빈도 p<0.001; 인식 p<0.001), 학업성취도(빈도 p<0.001; 인식 p<0.05), 삶의 질(빈도 p<0.001; 인식 p<0.001) 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이를 보인 반면, 규칙의 경우 학업성취도를 제외한 식생활태도(p<0.001)와 삶의 질(p<0.05)에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 셋째, 가족식사 요인과 식생활태도, 학업성취도, 삶의 질 간 관계는 모두 유의한(p<0.01) 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 넷째, 가족식사 요인이 식생활태도, 학업성취도, 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 가족식사 빈도와 식생활 태도가 학업성취도(빈도 p<0.001; 식생활태도 p<0.05 및 삶의 질(빈도 p<0.001; 식생활태도 p<0.001)에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 가족식사 요인 중 빈도가 학업성취도(${\beta}=0.298$ p<0.001)와 삶의 질(${\beta}=0.298$ p<0.001)에 미치는 영향력이 상대적으로 가장 컸다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 가족식사의 중요성을 중학생들과 학부모, 교사에게 교육하고 가정과 학교에서 올바른 지도를 위한 교육프로그램을 개발하는 데에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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