References
- Centers for Disease Control. Chronic disease overview [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): Center for Disease Control; 2016 [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview.
- World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; c2017 [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/.
- World Economic Forum. The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases [Internet]. Geneva: World Economic Forum; 2011 [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Harvard_HE_GlobalEconomicBurdenNonCommunicableDiseases_2011.pdf.
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Analysis of current state of medical use for chronic diseases in Korea [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Health Industry Development Institute; 2015 [cited 2016 Dec 29]. Available from: http://www.bioin.or.kr/fileDown.do?seq=29656&bid=industry.
- Ministry of Health and Welfare. Ministry of Health and Welfare statistical year book 2015 [Internet]. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare: 2015 [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www.korea.kr/archive/expDocView.do?docId=36781#filedown/.
- National Health Insurance Service. Research to predict scale of the medical expenditure by diseases and socioeconomic factors [Internet]. Wonju: National Health Insurance Service; 2013 [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available from: http://kiss.kstudy.com/publist/public_journal.asp?queryIn=20011/.
- Eriksson J, Taimela S, Koivisto VA. Exercise and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 1997;40(2):125-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250050653.
- Despres JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2006;444(7121):881-887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05488.
- Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, Smith SC Jr, Lenfant C; American Heart Association, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation 2004;109(3):433-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000111245.75752.C6.
- Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001;24(4):683-689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.24.4.683.
- Lee KH, Chong CU. Prevalence and 10-year trend of metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents: 1998-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Asian J Beauty Cosmetol 2010;8(4):1-9.
- Lee WY, Park JS, Noh SY, Rhee EJ, Kim SW, Zimmet PZ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among 40,698 Korean metropolitan subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004;65(2):143-149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2003.12.007.
- Malik S, Wong ND, Franklin SS, Kamath TV, L'Italien GJ, Pio JR, et al. Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation 2004; 110(10):1245-1250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000140677.20606.0E.
- Park HS, Oh SW, Cho SI, Choi WH, Kim YS. The metabolic syndrome and associated lifestyle factors among South Korean adults. Int J Epidemiol 2004;33(2):328-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh032.
- Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert TS, Tamborlane WV, Taksali SE, Yeckel CW, et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 2004;350(23):2362-2374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa031049.
- Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 2005; 365(9468):1415-1428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7.
- Nichols GA, Moler EJ. Metabolic syndrome components are associated with future medical costs independent of cardiovascular hospitalization and incident diabetes. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011;9(2):127-133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2010.0105.
- Curtis LH, Hammill BG, Bethel MA, Anstrom KJ, Gottdiener JS, Schulman KA. Costs of the metabolic syndrome in elderly individuals: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Diabetes Care 2007;30(10): 2553-2558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0460.
- Fu T, Wen T, Yeh P, Chang H. Costs of metabolic syndrome-related diseases induced by obesity in Taiwan. Obes Rev 2008;9 Suppl 1:68-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00441.x.
- Baik SH, Ahn SG, Choi JH, Koh BR, Yoo JH, Kang SJ, et al. The relationship of epicardial adipose tissue to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors. Korean J Med 2007;72(3):290-297.
- Chae SK, Lee JS, Chun JH, Park HS. Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among Korean women. Korean J Fam Med 2009;30(2):98-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.2.98.
- Ju SY, Kim JA, Yum KS. Association of obesity and metabolic syndrome score on cardiovascular risk. Korean J Health Promot 2005;5(4):291-301.
- Jung JW, Shin HC, Park YW, Kim CH, Cheong SY, Sung E. The relationship between metabolic syndrome, stress and depression- among the 35-64 years old clients of comprehensive medical examination. Korean J Health Promot 2004;4(1):10-17.
- Park JC, Kweon HJ, Oh YK, Do HJ, Oh SW, Lym YL, et al. Association of the metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Korean J Fam Med 2010;31(1):9-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.1.9.
- Kim HK, Choi KH, Lim SW, Rhee HS. Development of prediction model for prevalence of metabolic syndrome using data mining: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. J Digit Converg 2016;14(2):325-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2016.14.2.325.
- Lee EH. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and health behaviors among Koreans. J Korea Assoc Health Promot 2005;3(2):199-218.
- Kim SO, Jang S. Relationship between antihypertension medication adherence, medical utilizations, and medical expenditure among patients with hypertension. Yakhak Hoeji 2013;57(5):369-375.
- Kim SH, Sakong J. A panel study on the effect of obesity and the chronic diseases on the health care expenditures. Health policy and management 2015;25(3):152-161. https://doi.org/10.4332/KJHPA.2015.25.3.152
- Kim A, Kwak C, Yim ES. Influencing factors for and medical expenditures of metabolic syndrome among public officials. Korean J Occup Health Nurs 2012;21(3):209-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2012.21.3.209.
- Matthews KA, Meilahn E, Kuller LH, Kelsey SF, Caggiula AW, Wing RR. Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1989;321(10):641-646. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198909073211004.
- Kim IK, Choi HM, Kim MH. Menopausal knowledge and management in peri-menopausal women. J Korean Soc Menopause 2012;18(2):124-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6118/jksm.2012.18.2.124.
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessment of women's health during menopausal periods [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013 [cited 2016 Jun 13]. Available from: http://report.ndsl.kr/repDetail.do?cn=TRKO201300030803/.
- Oh JY, Hong YS, Sung YA, Barrett-Connor E. Prevalence and factor analysis of metabolic syndrome in an urban Korean population. Diabetes Care 2004;27(8):2027-2032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.8.2027.
- Yoon YS, Oh SW, Baik HW, Park HS, Kim WY. Alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(1):217-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.1.217
- Oh SW, Yoon YS, Lee ES, Kim WK, Park C, Lee S, et al. Association between cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care 2005;28(8):2064-2066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.8.2064.
- Ford ES, Kohl HW 3rd, Mokdad AH, Ajani UA. Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Obes Res 2005;13(3):608-614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2005.65.
- Rennie KL, McCarthy N, Yazdgerdi S, Marmot M, Brunner E. Association of the metabolic syndrome with both vigorous and moderate physical activity. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32(4):600-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg179.
- Wareham NJ, Hennings SJ, Byrne CD, Hales CN, Prentice AM, Day NE. A quantitative analysis of the relationship between habitual energy expenditure, fitness and the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome. Br J Nutr 1998;80(3):235-241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114598001287.
- World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004;363(9403):157-163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3.
- Dallongeville J, Cottel D, Ferrieres J, Arveiler D, Bingham A, Ruidavets JB, et al. Household income is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in a sex-specific manner. Diabetes Care 2005;28(2):409-415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.2.409.
- Lim H, Nguyen T, Choue R, Wang Y. Sociodemographic disparities in the composition of metabolic syndrome components among adults in South Korea. Diabetes Care 2012;35(10):2028-2035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1841.
- Loucks EB, Rehkopf DH, Thurston RC, Kawachi I. Socioeconomic disparities in metabolic syndrome differ by gender: evidence from NHANES III. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17(1):19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.002.
- Zhan Y, Yu J, Chen R, Gao J, Ding R, Fu Y, et al. Socioeconomic status and metabolic syndrome in the general population of China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012;12:921. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-921.
- Hunt KJ, Heiss G, Sholinsky PD, Province MA. Familial history of metabolic disorders and the multiple metabolic syndrome: the NHLBI family heart study. Genet Epidemiol 2000;19(4):395-409. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2272(200012)19:4<395::AID-GEPI10>3.0.CO;2-3.
- Jung CH, Park JS, Lee WY, Kim SW. Effects of smoking, alcohol, exercise, level of education, and family history on the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Korean J Med 2002;63(6):649-659.
- Solymoss BC, Bourassa MG, Campeau L, Sniderman A, Marcil M, Lesperance J, et al. Effect of increasing metabolic syndrome score on atherosclerotic risk profile and coronary artery disease angiographic severity. Am J Cardiol 2004;93(2):159-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.09.032.
- Tsai AG, Williamson DF, Glick HA. Direct medical cost of overweight and obesity in the USA: a quantitative systematic review. Obes Rev 2011;12(1):50-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00708.x.
- Griswold M, Parmigiani G, Potosky A, Lipscomb J. Analyzing health care costs: a comparison of statistical methods motivated by Medicare colorectal cancer charges. Biostatistics 2004;1(1):1-23.
- Manning WG, Basu A, Mullahy J. Generalized modeling approaches to risk adjustment of skewed outcomes data. J Health Econ 2005;24(3):465-488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.09.011.
- Joo NS, Park YW, Park TS, Shin GH, Park RW, Kim BT. Medical cost and hospital visit by obesity and central obesity. Korean J Obes 2008;17(2):91-98.
- Burton WN, Chen CY, Li X, Schultz AB, Abrahamsson H. The association of self-reported employee physical activity with metabolic syndrome, health care costs, absenteeism, and presenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2014;56(9):919-926. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000257.
- Fitch K, Pyenson B, Iwasaki K. Metabolic syndrome and employer sponsored medical benefits: an actuarial analysis. Value in Health 2007;10:S21-S28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2006.00151.x.
- Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J; IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome: a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005;366(9491):1059-1062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67402-8.
- Bianchi C, Penno G, Daniele G, Benzi L, Del Prato S, Miccoli R. Optimizing management of metabolic syndrome to reduce risk: focus on life-style. Intern Emerg Med 2008;3(2):87-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-008-0122-6.
- Koenigsberg MR, Bartlett D, Cramer JS. Facilitating treatment adherence with lifestyle changes in diabetes. Am Fam Physician 2004;69(2):309-316.
- Whittemore R. Strategies to facilitate lifestyle change associated with diabetes mellitus. J Nurs Scholarsh 2000;32(3):225-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2000.00225.x.
- Kang JS, Kang HS, Jeong Y. A web-based health promotion program for patients with metabolic syndrome. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2014;8(1):82-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2014.03.002.
- Jeon E, Park HA, Jo S, Kang H, Lee JY. Mobile apps providing tailored nursing interventions for patients with metabolic syndrome. Stud Health Technol Inform 2016;225:510-514.