Geomechanics and Engineering

  • 제12권4호
  • /
  • Pages.579-593
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 2005-307X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-6219(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A large-scale test of reinforced soil railway embankment with soilbag facing under dynamic loading

  • Liu, Huabei (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Yang, Guangqing (School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University) ;
  • Wang, He (School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University) ;
  • Xiong, Baolin (School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University)
  • 투고 : 2015.08.25
  • 심사 : 2016.11.27
  • 발행 : 2017.04.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls can be employed as railway embankments to carry large static and dynamic train loads, but very few studies can be found in the literature that investigate their dynamic behavior under simulated wheel loading. A large-scale dynamic test on a reinforced soil railway embankment was therefore carried out. The model embankment was 1.65 meter high and designed to have a soilbag facing. It was reinforced with HDPE geogrid layers at a vertical spacing of 0.3 m and a length of 2 m. The dynamic test consisted of 1.2 million cycles of harmonic dynamic loading with three different load levels and four different exciting frequencies. Before the dynamic loading test, a static test was also carried out to understand the general behavior of the embankment behavior. The study indicated the importance of loading frequency on the dynamic response of reinforced soil railway embankment. It also showed that toe resistance played a significant role in the dynamic behavior of the embankment. Some limitations of the test were also discussed.

키워드

과제정보

연구 과제 주관 기관 : National Natural Science Foundation of China

참고문헌

  1. Abbasi, O., Ghanbari, A. and Hosseini, S.A.A. (2014), "An analytical method for calculating the natural frequency of reinforced retaining walls with soil-structure interaction effect", Geosynth. Int., 21(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.13.00034
  2. Abu-Hejleh, N., Zornberg, J.G., Wang, T. and Watcharamonthein, J. (2002), "Monitored displacements of unique geosynthetic-reinforced soil bridge abutments", Geosynthet. Int., 9(1), 71-95. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.9.0211
  3. Adams, M.T., Nicks, J., Stabile, T., Wu, J.T.H., Schlatter, W. and Hartmann, J. (2011), "Geosynthetic reinforced soil integrated bridge system: Synthesis report", Rep. No. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-HRT-11-027; Washington, DC, USA.
  4. Ansari, Y., Merifield, R., Yamamoto, H. and Sheng, D. (2011), "Numerical analysis of soilbags under compression and cyclic shear", Comput. Geotech., 38(5), 659-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.02.002
  5. Arab, R., Villard, P. and Gourc, J.P. (2001), "Use of reinforced soil bearing structures", Ground Improv., 5(4), 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.2001.5.4.163
  6. ASTM D5030-04 (2004), Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Rock in Place by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit; ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  7. Bathurst, R.J., Vlachopoulos, N., Walters, D.L., Burgess, P.G. and Allen, T.M. (2006), "The influence of facing rigidity on the performance of two geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining wall", Can. Geotech. J., 43(12), 1225-1237. https://doi.org/10.1139/t06-076
  8. Benjamim, C.V.S., Bueno, B.S. and Zornberg, J.G. (2007), "Field monitoring evaluation of geotextilereinforced soil-retaining walls", Geosynth. Int., 14(2), 100-118. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2007.14.2.100
  9. Bhattacharjee, A. and Krishna, A.M. (2012), "Development of numerical model of wrap-faced walls subjected to seismic excitation", Geosynth. Int., 19(5), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.12.00022
  10. Bian, X., Jiang, H., Cheng, C., Chen, Y., Chen, R. and Jiang, J. (2014), "Full-scale model testing on a ballastless high-speed railway under simulated train moving loads", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 66, 368-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.08.003
  11. Cai, Z. and Bathurst, R.J. (1996), "Seismic response analysis of geosynthetic reinforced soil segmental retaining walls by finite element method", Comput. Geotech., 17(4), 523-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(95)94918-G
  12. Ehrlich, M. and Mirmoradi, S.H. (2013), "Evaluation of the effects of facing stiffness and toe resistance on the behavior of GRS walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 40, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.07.012
  13. El-Emam, M.M. and Bathurst, R.J. (2007), "Influence of reinforcement parameters on the seismic response of reduced-scale reinforced soil retaining walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 25(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.09.001
  14. Fukubayashi, Y. and Kimura, M. (2014), "Improvement of rural access roads in developing countries with initiative for self-reliance of communities", Soils Found., 54(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2013.12.003
  15. Guler, E. and Selek, O. (2014), "Reduced-scale shaking table tests on geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with modular facing", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 140(6), Article number: 04014015.
  16. Hatami, K. and Bathurst, R.J. (2006), "Numerical model for reinforced soil segmental walls under surcharge loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(6), 673-684. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:6(673)
  17. Helwany, M.B., Tatsuoka, F., Tateyama, M. and Kojima, K. (1996), "Effects of facing rigidity on the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls", Soils Found., 36(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.36.27
  18. Huang, C.C., Matsushima, K., Mohri, Y. and Tatsuoka, F. (2008), "Analysis of sand slopes stabilized with facing of soil bags with extended reinforcement strips", Geosynth. Int., 15(4), 232-245. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2008.15.4.232
  19. Huang, B., Bathurst, R.J., Hatami, K. and Allen, T.M. (2010), "Influence of toe restraint on reinforced soil segmental walls", Can. Geotech. J., 47(8), 885-904. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-002
  20. Kachi, T., Kobayashi, M., Seki, M. and Koseki, J. (2013), "Reinforcement of railway ballasted track with geosynthetic bags for preventing derailment", Geosynth. Int., 20(5), 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.13.00023
  21. Komak Panah, A., Yazdi, M. and Ghalandarzadeh, A. (2015), "Shaking table tests on soil retaining walls reinforced by polymeric strips", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(2), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.01.001
  22. Koseki, J. (2012), "Use of geosynthetics to improve seismic performance of earth structures", Geotext. Geomembr., 34, 51-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.03.001
  23. Lee, K.Z.Z. and Chang, N.Y. (2012), "Predictive modeling on seismic performances of geosyntheticreinforced soil walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 35, 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.06.005
  24. Leshchinsky, D. and Vahedifard, F. (2011), "Impact of toe resistance in reinforced masonry block walls: Design dilemma", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(2), 236-240.
  25. Ling, H.I., Leshchinsky, D., Mohri, Y. and Wang, J.P. (2012), "Earthquake response of reinforced segmental retaining walls backfilled with substantial percentage of fines", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 138(8), 934-944. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000669
  26. Liu, H. (2009), "Analyzing the reinforcement loads of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls subject to seismic loading during the service life", J. Perform Constr. Facil., 23(5), 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000041
  27. Liu, H. (2015), "Reinforcement load and compression of reinforced soil mass under surcharge loading," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(6), Article No. 04015017.
  28. Liu, H. and Ling, H.I. (2012), "Seismic responses of reinforced soil retaining walls and the strain softening of backfill soils", Int. J. Geomech., 12(4), 351-356. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000051
  29. Liu, H., Wang, X. and Song, E. (2011), "Reinforcement load and deformation mode of geosyntheticreinforced soil walls subject to seismic loading during service life", Geotext. Geomembr., 29(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.06.003
  30. Liu, H., Yang, G. and Ling, H.I. (2014a), "Seismic response of multi-tiered reinforced soil retaining walls", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng, 61-62, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.01.012
  31. Liu, S.H., Gao, J.J., Wang, Y.Q. and Weng, L.P. (2014b), "Experimental study on vibration reduction by using soilbags", Geotext. Geomembr., 42, 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2013.12.007
  32. Liu, S., Lu, Y., Weng, L. and Bai, F. (2015), "Field study of treatment for expansive soil/rock channel slope with soilbags", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(4), 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.04.004
  33. Lohani, T.N., Matsushima, K., Aqil, U., Mohri, Y. and Tatsuoka, F. (2006), "Evaluating the strength and deformation characteristics of a soil bag pile from full-scale laboratory tests", Geosynth. Int., 13(6), 246-264. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2006.13.6.246
  34. Lostumbo, J.M., Johnson, J. and Bernardi, M. (2014), "Back-to-back geosynthetic-reinforced MSE wall supporting elevated dual railway tracks", Geotech. Special Publication, 234, 4167-4175.
  35. Matsuoka, H. and Liu, S.H. (2003), "New earth reinforcement method by soilbags ('Donow')", Soils Found., 43(6), 173-188. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.43.6_173
  36. Matsushima, K., Aqil, U., Mohri, Y., and Tatsuoka, F. (2008), "Shear strength and deformation characteristics of geosynthetic soil bags stacked horizontal and inclined", Geosynth. Int., 15(2), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2008.15.2.119
  37. Mirmoradi, S. and Ehrlich, M. (2015), "Numerical evaluation of the behavior of GRS walls with segmental block facing under working stress conditions." J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(3), Article number: 04014109.
  38. Nakagawa, Y., Chen, G.L., Tatsui, T. and Chida, S. (2008), "Verification of vibration reduction characteristics with soilbag structure", Proceedings of the 4th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics, Shanghai, China, June.
  39. Nakajima, T., Toriumi, N., Shintani, H., Miyataka, H., and Dobahi, K. (1996), "Field performance of a geotextile reinforced soil wall with concrete facing blocks", In: (H. Ochiai, N. Yasufuku, K. Omine Eds.), Earth Reinforcement, Balkema, Rotterdam/Brookfield, pp. 427-432.
  40. Payeur, J.B., Corfdir, A. and Bourgeois, E. (2015), "Dynamic behavior of a Mechanically Stabilized Earth wall under harmonic loading: Experimental characterization and 3D finite elements model", Comput. Geotech., 65, 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.12.001
  41. Srilatha, N., Madhavi Latha, G. and Puttappa, C.G. (2013), "Effect of frequency on seismic response of reinforced soil slopes in shaking table tests", Geotext. Geomembr., 36, 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.10.004
  42. Tajiri, N., Sasaki, H., Nishimura, J., Ochiai, Y. and Dobashi, K. (1996). "Full-scale failure experiments of geotextile-reinforced soil walls with different facings", In: (. Ochiai, N. Yasufuku, K. Omine Eds.), Earth Reinforcement. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 525-530.
  43. Tatsuoka, F. (1993), "Roles of facing rigidity in soil reinforcing", Earth Reinforcement Practice, Balkema, Vol. 2, pp. 831-870.
  44. Tatsuoka, F., Tateyama, M., Uchimura, T. and Koseki, J. (1997), "Geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls as important permanent structures", Geosynth. Int., 4(2), 81-136. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.4.0090
  45. TB 10621 (2009), Code for Design of High Speed Railway; Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China. [In Chinese]
  46. Uchimura, T. and Mizuhashi, M. (2005), "Effects of reinforcement stiffness on deformation of reinforced soil structures under small cyclic loading", Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering: Geotechnology in Harmony with the Global Environment, Osaka, Japan, September.
  47. Uchimura, T., Tateyama, M., Tanaka, I. and Tatsuoka, F. (2003), "Performance of a preloaded-prestressed geogrid-reinforced soil pier for a railway bridge", Soils Found., 43(6), 155-171. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.43.6_155
  48. Walters, D.L. (2004), "Behavior of reinforced soil retaining walls under uniform surcharge loading", Ph.D. Thesis; Queen's University, Ontario, Canada.
  49. Wang, L., Zhang, G. and Zhang, J.M. (2012), "Centrifuge model tests of geotextile-reinforced soil embankments during an earthquake", Geotext. Geomembr., 29(3), 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2010.11.002
  50. Wang, L., Chen, G. and Chen, S. (2015), "Experimental study on seismic response of geogrid reinforced rigid retaining walls with saturated backfill sand", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.11.006
  51. Wayne, M.H. and Miller, B. (1996), "Application of mechanically stabilized earth and segmental block walls", Geotext. Geomembr., 14(5-6), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(96)89795-0
  52. Wu, J.T.H., Lee, K.Z.Z. and Pham, T. (2006), "Allowable bearing pressures of bridge sills on GRS abutments with flexible facing", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(7), 830-841. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:7(830)
  53. Wu, J.T.H., Pham, T.Q. and Adams, M.T. (2013), "Composite behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil mass", Rep. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)-HRT-10-077; Washington, DC, USA.
  54. Xie, Y. and Leshchinsky, B. (2015), "MSE walls as bridge abutments: Optimal reinforcement density", Geotext. Geomembr., 43(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.01.002
  55. Xu, Y., Huang, J., Du, Y. and Sun, D. (2008), "Earth reinforcement using soilbags", Geotext. Geomembr., 26(3), 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.10.003
  56. Yang, G., Zhang, B., Lv, P. and Zhou, Q. (2009a), "Behaviour of geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with concrete-rigid facing", Geotext. Geomembr., 27(5), 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.03.001
  57. Yang, L.A., Powrie, W. and Priest, J.A. (2009b), "Dynamic stress analysis of a ballasted railway track bed during train passage", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 135(5), 680-689. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000032
  58. Yang, G., Ding, J., Zhou, Q. and Zhang, B. (2010), "Field behavior of a geogrid reinforced soil retaining wall with a wrap-around facing", Geotech. Test. J., 33(1), Paper ID GTJ102410.
  59. Ye, B., Muramatsu, D., Ye, G.L. and Zhang, F. (2011), "Numerical assessment of vibration damping effect of soilbags", Geosynth. Int., 18(4), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2011.18.4.159
  60. Zarnani, S., El-Emam, M.M., and Bathurst, R.J. (2011), "Comparison of numerical and analytical solutions for reinforced soil wall shaking table tests", Geomech. Eng., Int. J., 3(4), 291-321. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2011.3.4.291

피인용 문헌

  1. Strength characteristics of soilbags under inclined loads vol.46, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.09.002
  2. Experiments and DEM analysis on vibration reduction of soilbags vol.26, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.19.00045
  3. Strain-softening model evaluating geobelt-clay interaction validated by laboratory tests of sensor-enabled geobelts vol.57, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0560
  4. DEM analysis of geobag wall system filled with recycled concrete aggregate vol.238, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117684
  5. Predicting strength of soilbags under cyclic compression vol.27, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.20.00027