Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

The Korean Electrochemical Society (한국전기화학회)
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Effect of Pre-Cycling Rate on the Passivating Ability of Surface Films on Li4Ti5O12 Electrodes

  • Jung, Jiwon (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hah, Hoe Jin (Battery R&D, LG Chem.) ;
  • Lee, Tae jin (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Jae Gil (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Jeong Beom (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Jongjung (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Soon, Jiyong (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ryu, Ji Heon (Graduate School of Knowledge-based Technology and Energy, Korea Polytechnic University) ;
  • Kim, Jae Jeong (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University) ;
  • Oh, Seung M. (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2016.11.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.20
  • Published : 2017.03.31
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Abstract

A comparative study was performed on the passivating abilities of surface films generated on lithium titanate (LTO; $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$) electrodes during pre-cycling at two different rates. The surface film deposited at a faster pre-cycling rate (i.e., 0.5 C) is irregularly shaped and unevenly covers the LTO electrode. Owing to the incomplete coverage of the protective film, this LTO electrode exhibits poor passivating ability. Additional electrolyte decomposition and concomitant film deposition occur during subsequent charge/discharge cycles. As a result of the thick surface film, severe cell polarization occurs and eventually causes cell failure. However, pre-cycling the Li/LTO cell at a slower rate (0.1 C) improves cell polarization and capacity retention; this occurs because the surface film uniformly covers the LTO electrode and provides strong passivation. Accordingly, there is no significant film deposition during subsequent charge/discharge cycling. Additionally, self-discharge is reduced during high-temperature storage.

Keywords

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