DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Development and Effects of the Text-Based Media Literacy Program for Young Children

텍스트 중심 유아 미디어 리터러시 교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용 효과

  • Lee, Jae-Eun (Department of Child Studies, Seoul Women's University,) ;
  • Cho, Eun-Jin (Department of Child Studies, Seoul Women's University,)
  • 이재은 (서울여자대학교 아동학과) ;
  • 조은진 (서울여자대학교 아동학과)
  • Received : 2016.10.31
  • Accepted : 2017.01.24
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a text-based media literacy program and to examine its effects on young children's understanding and expression of media text. Methods: The participants were 54 5-year-old kindergarteners assigned to an experimental or a control group, with 27 children per group. The text-based media literacy program was based on the ADDIE model and was administered to the experimental group for 8 weeks. The pre- and post-test instruments measured media text understanding and expression ability and were patterned after those used by British Film Institute (2003) and other major studies. Results: The experimental group showed higher levels of media text understanding and expression than the control group. Conclusion: The results are discussed with respect to their implications for educational practice and future research.

Keywords

References

  1. Alper, M. (2011). Developmentally appropriate new media literacies: Supporting cultural competencies and social skills in early childhood education. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 13(2), 175-196. doi:10.1177/1468798411430101
  2. Austin, E. W., & Johnson, K. K. (1997). Immediate and delayed effects of media literacy training on third graders' decision making for alcohol. Health Communication, 9(4), 323-349. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc0904_3
  3. Bearne, E. (2011). Multimodal texts: What they are and how children use them. In J. Evans (Ed.), Literacy moves on: Using popular culture, new technologies and critical literacy in the primary (pp. 43-68). London: David Fulton Publishers.
  4. Berson, M. J., & Berson, I. R. (2004). Developing thoughtful 'cybercitizens'. Social Studies and the Young Learner, 16(4), 5-8. Retrieved from http://hectorsworld.netsafe.org.nz/wpcontent/uploads/cybercitizens-ssyl-2004.pdf
  5. British Film Institute. (2003). Look again!: A teaching guide to using film and television with three to eleven year olds. Retrieved from http://www.bfi.org.uk/sites/bfi.org.uk/files/downloads/bfi-education-look-again-teaching-guide-tofilm-and-tv-2013-03.pdf
  6. Buckingham, D. (2003). Media Education: Literacy, learning and contemporary culture. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  7. Burnett, C. (2010). Technology and literacy in early childhood educational settings: A review of research. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 10(3), 247-270. doi:10.1177/1468798410372154
  8. Costa, C. (2011). Why does society need media literacy? In S. Livingstone (Ed.), Media literacy ambitions, policies and measures (pp. 26-30). London: Department of Media Communications.
  9. European Association for Viewers Interests. (2011). Testing and refining criteria to assess media literacy levels in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.statpedu.sk/sites/default/files/dokumenty/ucebnice-metodiky-publikacie/medialna_vychova_studia.pdf
  10. Evans, J. (2011). Literacy moves on: Using popular culture, new technologies and critical literacy in the primary classroom. London: David Fulton Publishers.
  11. Everett, T. A. (2006). Multiliteracies in early childhood education: The modes and media of communication by first grade students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Iowa.
  12. Fuller, H. A., Damico, A. M., & Rodgers, S. (2004). Impact of a health and media literacy curriculum on 4th-grade girls: A qualitative study. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 19(1), 66-78. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02568540409595055
  13. Grey, A. (2011). Cybersafety in early childhood education. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 36(2), 77-81. Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=052931566768432;res=IELHSS
  14. Hill, S. (2004). Mapping multiliteracies: Children of the new millennium. Adelaide: University of South Australia & South Australian Department of Education and Children' Services.
  15. Hobbs, R. (2004). A review of school-based initiatives in media literacy education. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(1), 42-59. doi:10.1177/0002764204267250
  16. Hobbs, R. (2011). Digital and media literacy: Connecting culture and classroom. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  17. International Reading Association. (2010). Standards for reading professionals. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
  18. Jusoff, K. (2009). Television and media literacy in young children: Issues and effects in early childhood. International Education Studies, 2(3), 151-157. doi:10.5539/ies.v2n3p151
  19. Kunkel, D., & Wilcox, B. (2001). Children and media policy. In D. G. Singer & J. L. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of children and the media (pp. 589-604). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  20. Lasseter, J. (1987). Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation. Computer Graphics, 21(4), 35-44. doi:10.1145/37402.37407
  21. Lauricella, A. R., Barr, R., F. & Calvert, S. L. (2009). Emerging computer skills: Influences of young children's executive functioning abilities and parental scaffolding techniques in the US. Journal of Children and Media, 3(3), 217-233. doi:10.1080/17482790902999892
  22. Martens, H. (2010). Evaluating media literacy education: Concept, theories and future direction. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 2(1), 1-22.
  23. McAfee, O. D., & Leong, D. J. (2011). Assessing and guiding young children's development and learning (5th ed.). NJ: Pearson.
  24. McManis, L. D., & Gunnewig, S. B. (2012). Finding the education in educational technology with early learners. Young Children, 67(3), 14-24.
  25. Meyrowitz, J. (1998). Multiple media literacies. Journal of Communication, 48(1), 96-108. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1998.tb02740.x
  26. Morrow, L. M. (1997). Literacy development in the early years (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  27. National Association for Media Literacy Education. (n.d.). Media literacy defined [Web page]. Retrieved from http://namle.net
  28. National Association for the Education of Young Children, Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Retrieved from http:// www.naeyc.org/files/naeyc/file/positions/PS_technology_WEB2.pdf
  29. Office of Communication. (2004). Ofcom's strategy and priorities for the promotion of media literacy: A statement. Retrieved from https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/72255/strat_prior_statement.pdf
  30. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2010). PISA 2009 Assessment framework: Key competencies in reading, mathematics and science. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/44455820.pdf
  31. Palungtepin, M. (2005). The use of multiple media tools to facilitate preschool English learner's second language and literacy development (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  32. Potter, W. J. (2011). Media literacy (5th ed.). New York: Sage.
  33. Potter, W. J. (2014). Guidelines for media literacy interventions in the digital age. Izvorni Znanstveni Rad, 20(2), 5-29. Retrieved from http://hrcak.srce.hr/133805
  34. Rosen, D. B., & Jaruszewicz, C. (2009). Developmentally appropriate technology use and early childhood teacher education. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 30(2), 162-171. doi:10.1080/10901020902886511
  35. Seels, B. B., & Richey, R. C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains of the field. Washington: Association for Educational Communications and Technology.
  36. Tichenor, P. J., Donohue, G. A., & Olien, C. N. (1970). Mass media flow and differential growth in knowledge. Public Opinion Quarterly, 34(2), 159-170. doi:/10.1086/267786
  37. Tyler, R. W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  38. Vasquez, V. (2011). Creating opportunities for critical literacy with young children: Using everyday issues and everyday text. In J. Evans (Ed.), Literacy moves on: Using popular culture, new technologies and critical literacy in the primary classroom (pp. 83-105). London: David Fulton Publishers.
  39. Weaver, C. (1994). Reading process and practice. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
  40. Wohlwend, K. E. (2009). Early adopters: Playing new literacies and pretending new technologies in print-centric classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy August, 9(2), 117-140. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2022/9916 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798409105583
  41. Ahn, J. I. (2015). An analysis on the effect of media literacy education: Elementary school children's critical understanding of media. The Journal of the Institute of Social Science, 22, 233-251. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A100472840
  42. Ahn, J.-S., & Kwon, M.-G. (2010). A study of the effects of literacy activities with persuasive texts on young children's reading and writing. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 15(3), 173-191. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99891611
  43. An, J.-S., & Jo, H.-S. (2009). A study of young children's media literacy through advertisement activities. Korean Journal of Children's Media, 8(2), 1-21. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76539284
  44. Ann, S. T. (2011). Children's understanding of the persuasive intent of advergames and the effect of an educational program on advergames. The Korean Journal of Advertising, 22(3), 29-50. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82612575
  45. Chung, H. S. (2008). Changes of literacy and model of Korean language curriculum in a semiotics perspective. The Journal of Curriculum Studies, 26(4), 149-172. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A75596626 https://doi.org/10.15708/kscs.26.4.200812.007
  46. Jeong, B.-M.-J., & Lee, S.-Y. (2013). An analysis of the changes in young children's digital literacy and information-ethics consciousness according to the active participation in UCCmaking activities. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 18(3), 309-332. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A99891944
  47. Kang, E.-J. (2004). Development and effects of media literacy program for young children (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10214516
  48. Kang, E.-J. (2010). Media literacy education based on children's development. Journal of Elementary Korean Education, 42, 73-98. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82589254
  49. Kim, A. M. (2015). Understanding of media literacy education. Seoul: Communication Books.
  50. Kim, H. R. (2007). Development and effects of computer literacy program for young children (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11061162
  51. Kim, N. H. (2012). PISA reading literacy and 21C Korean competence. Korean Language Education, 138, 41-71. Retrieved from http://lwww.riss.kr/link?id=A60129047
  52. Kim, Y.-E. (2007). Study on curriculum model construction of media education. Korean Journal of Communication & Information, 37, 73-99. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A77007129
  53. Kim, Y.-E., Im, S. J., & Kim, J. Y. (2009). The study on young children's media literacy through advertisement-making activities: A qualitative study. Korean Journal of Broadcasting and Telecommunication Studies, 23(6), 47-86. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A76567803
  54. Kwag, J. E. (2009). The effects of discussion activities using television commercials on young children's critical thinking (Master's thesis). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11731974
  55. Lee, C. S. (2002). A study on the development of media education program for young children. The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies, 14(2), 83-102. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A82434760
  56. Lee, C. S. (2012). The effective teaching and learning of multiliteracies for young children. The Korean Journal of Child Care and Education, 71, 143-173. Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A60196698
  57. Lee, R., & Hyun, E. (2014). An analysis of the research trends on children's media in the digital era. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 35(4), 17-40. doi:10.5723/KJCS.2014.35.4.17
  58. Lee, Y. J. (2004). Language art for young children. Paju: Yswpub.
  59. Lee, Y. N. (2014). Research on the picture reading in picturebooks guidance methods based on the R.Arnheim visual thinking theory (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T13742009
  60. Lim, E. M. (2012, October). A review of educational technology for the digital generation. 2012 Annual Fall Conference of the Korean Society for Early Childhood Education and Care, Seoul, Korea.
  61. Ministry of Gender Equality & Family. (2011). Media education for young children. Seoul: Author.
  62. Moon, H. S. (2004). Media education. Seoul: Korea Creative Content Agency.
  63. Park, S. H. (2007). Action research on development of early childhood media literacy education program based on activity theory (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T11213182
  64. Park, S.-H., & Kwon, S. (2010). A study on principles for developing cognitive load theory-based multimedia programs for preschoolers. Korean Journal of Children's Media, 9(1), 227-242. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01404330