Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science (대한임상검사과학회지)

Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (대한임상검사과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Protective Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on the Aluminum of Dementia Inducer

치매유발제인 알루미늄에 대한 Rosmarinic Acid의 보호 효과

  • Jung, In-Ju (Department of Cosmetology, Dongshin University) ;
  • Seo, Young-Mi (Department of Nursing, Seonam University) ;
  • Jekal, Seung-Joo (Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University)
  • Received : 2017.02.11
  • Accepted : 2017.02.28
  • Published : 2017.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine the protective effect of rosmarinic acid on the aluminum of dementia inducer, cultured C6 glioma cells were treated with various concentrations of aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3$) or rosmarinic acid. The cell viability, electron donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation were evaluated for the antioxidant effect of rosmarinic acid. In these cultures, $AlCl_3$ sowed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner; then, the $XTT_{50}$ value was measured at $142.2{\mu}M$ of $AlCl_3$ after treating the cultured C6 glioma cells with media containing $120{\sim}160{\mu}M\;AlCl_3$. Therefore, its toxicity was determined as mid-cytotoxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria; while, vitamin E of antioxidant markedly increased the cell viability on $AlCl_3$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. This study showed the antioxidant effect of rosmarinic acid via several assays, such as electron donating activity (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation. From these findings, it is suggested that the oxidative stress is involved in $AlCl_3$-induced cytotoxicity, and rosmarinic acid was effective in the protection of $AlCl_3$-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidant activity. In conclusion, natural resources, like rosmarinic acid, may be a putative antioxidant agent for the treatment of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated disease, such as dementia.

치매유발제인 $AlCl_3$에 대한 rosmarinic acid의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 뇌세포종인 배양 C6 glioma 세포를 배양한 후 세포생존율을 비롯한 전자공여능(electron donating ability, EDA), SOD-유사활성(superoxide dismutase-like activity) 및 지질과산화(lipid peroxidation) 억제능을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 $AlCl_3$는 배양 세포에 농도 의존적으로 세포생존율을 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소시킴으로서 세포독성을 나타냈다. 또한, $AlCl_3$의 $XTT_{50}$값이 $142.2{\mu}M$에서 나타남으로 이는 Borenfreund와 Puerner의 독성판정기준에 의하여 중간독성(mid-toxic)인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, rosmarinic acid가 $AlCl_3$에 미치는 영향에 있어서, $40{\mu}M$ rosmarinic acid 처리에서는 $AlCl_3$만의 처리에 비하여 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 $AlCl_3$의 산화적 손상으로부터 세포손상을 보호하였다. 또한 rosmarinic acid는 전자공여능을 비롯한 SOD-유사활성 및 지질과산화의 억제효과를 보임으로서 항산화능을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 부터 산화적 손상이 $AlCl_3$의 독성에 관여하고 있으며, rosmarinic acid는 항산화능에 의하여 $AlCl_3$의 독성을 효과적으로 방어하였다. 따라서, rosmarinic acid와 같은 천연성분은 치매와 같이 산화적 손상과 관련된 병변의 치료적 개선을 위한 천연 소재로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. McGeer EG, McGeer PL. The importance of inflammatory mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol. 1998;33(5):371-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5565(98)00013-8
  2. Trabace L, Cassano T, Steardo L, Pietra C, Villetti G, Kendrick, et al. Biochemical and neurobehavioral profile of CHF2919, a novel, orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000;294:187-194.
  3. Lemere CA, Lopera F, Kosik KS, Lemdon CL, Ossa J, Sadio TC, et al. The E280A presenilin-1 Alzheimer mutation procedures increased alpha-beta 42 deposition and severe cerebellar pathology. Nat Med. 1996;2(10):1146-1150. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1096-1146
  4. Kimberly WT, Xia W, Rahmati T, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ. The transmebrane aspartates in presenilin 1 and 2 are obligatory for secretase activity and amyloid-protein generation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(5):3173-3178. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.5.3173
  5. Bryan-Sisneros AA, Fraser SP, Suh YH, Djamgoz MB, Toxic effect of the beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragment and $Na^{+}/Ca^{2+}$gradients. Neuroreport. 2000;11(15):3357-3360. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200010200-00019
  6. Yu G, Nishimura M, Arakawa S, Levitan D, Zhang L, Tandon A, et al. Nicastrin modulates presenilin mediated notch/glp-1 signal transduction and APP processing. Nature. 2000;407:48-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/35024009
  7. Steiner H, capell A, Pesold B, Citron M, Kloetzel PM, Selkoe DJ, et al. Expression of Alzheimer's disease associated presenilin-1 is controlled by proteolytic degradation and complex formation. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:32322-32331. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.48.32322
  8. Klein GL. Nutritional aspects of aluminum toxicity. Nutr Res Rev. 1990;3(1):117-141. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19900009
  9. Kontush A. Amyloid-beta: an antioxidant that becomes a pro-oxidant and critically contributes to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;31(9):1120-1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00688-8
  10. Yamamoto T, Yaksh TL. Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of pre-and post-treatment with intrathecal morphine and MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, in the formalin test in the rat. Anesthesiol. 1992;77(4):757-763. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199210000-00021
  11. Kim TY, Jekal SJ. Antioxidative effect of Chelidonium majus extract on cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts injured by cadmium chloride of toxicant. Kor J Clin Lab Sci. 2016;48(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2016.48.1.1
  12. Osakabe N, Yasuda A, Natsume M, Sanbongi C, Kato Y, Osawa T, et al. Rosmarinic acid, major polyphenolic compounent of Perilla frutescens, reduces lipopolyssacharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-sensitized mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002;33(6):798-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00970-X
  13. De-Heredia JB, Torregrosa J, Dominguez JR, Peres JA. Kinetic model for phenolic compound oxidation by Fenton's reagent. Chemosphere. 2001;45(1): 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00056-X
  14. Park ST, Choi MK, Lee KC, Cho KH, Jeon BH, Woo WH. Study on the effect of vitamin E on methylmercury in cultured spinal motor neurons. Kor J Oriental Med Pathol. 2000;14(3):7-10.
  15. Borenfreund E, Puerner JA. A simple quantitative procedure using monolayer culture for cytotoxicity assay (HTD/NR-90). J Tiss Cult Meth. 1984;9(1):7-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01666038
  16. Blois MS. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 1958;26:1199-1200.
  17. Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974;47(3): 468-474.
  18. Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N. Antioxidant effects of some ginger constituents. J Food Sci. 1993;58(6):1470-1410.
  19. Crapper DR, Krishnan SS, Dalton AJ. Brain aluminum distribution in Alzheimer's disease and experimental neurofibrillary degeneration. Sci. 1973;180:511-513. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.180.4085.511
  20. Han SH, Kim IS, Kim JM. Effects of aluminum compound in lung and liver tissues of rat. Kor J Gerontol. 1997;7(2):24-28.
  21. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin-protein reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193(1):265-271.
  22. Linert W, Bridge MH, Huber M, Bjugstad KB, Grossman S, Arendash GW. In vitro and in vivo studies investigating possible antioxidant actions of nicotine: relevance to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Biochem Biophysiol. 1999;1454(2):143-152.
  23. Vatassery GT. Oxidation of vitamin E, vitamin C, and thiols in brain synaptosomes by peroxynitrite. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;52(4):579-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00309-7
  24. Cho CG, Kim HM, Park ST. Effect of vitamin E on cultured mouse cerebral neurons damaged by oxidative stress. Kor J Gerontol. 1998;8(3):17-22.
  25. Jesberger JA, Richardson JS. Oxygen free radicals and brain dysfunction. Int Neurosci. 1991;57:1-17. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459109150342
  26. Lee JY, No JK, Soung DY, Kim YJ, Je JH, Kim MS, et al. ROS/RNS scavenging activity of rosmarinic acid. Kor J Gerontol. 2005;15(2):10-16.
  27. Gates MA, Tworoger SS, Hecht JL, DE Vivo I, Rosen B, Hankinson SE. A prospective study of dietary flavonoid intake and incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer. 2007;121(10):2225-2232. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22790
  28. Sanbongi C, Takano H, Osakabe N, Sasa N, Natsume M, Yanagisawa R, et al. Rosmarinic acid inhibits lung unjury induced by diesel exhast particles. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;34(8):1060-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00040-6
  29. Rosen D, Siddique T, patterson D, Figlewiez D, Sapp P. Mutation in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature. 1993;362:59-62. https://doi.org/10.1038/362059a0
  30. Hall E, Braughler JM. Lipid peroxidation in post-traumatic spinal cord degeneration. CNS Trauma. 1986;3(4):281-294.

Cited by

  1. The Antioxidative Effect of Eclipta prostrata L. Extract on Cultured NIH3T3 Fibroblasts Injured by Manganese-Induced Cytotoxicity vol.24, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.15616/bsl.2018.24.4.357