DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Risk Mitigation Measures in Arsenic-contaminated Soil at the Forest Area Near the Former Janghang Smelter Site: Applicability of Stabilization Technique and Follow-up Management Plan

(구)장항제련소 주변 송림숲 등 식생지역에서의 비소오염토양 위해도 저감 조치: 안정화 공법 적용성 평가 및 사후관리 계획

  • An, Jinsung (Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yang, Kyung (Environmental Assessment Group, Korea Environment Institute) ;
  • Kang, Woojae (JM Enviro Partners Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Jung Sun (Korea Environment Corporation) ;
  • Nam, Kyoungphile (Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 안진성 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) ;
  • 양경 (한국환경정책평가연구원 환경평가본부) ;
  • 강우재 ((주)JM Enviro Partners) ;
  • 이정선 (한국환경공단) ;
  • 남경필 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부)
  • Received : 2017.09.26
  • Accepted : 2017.11.20
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of four commercial chemical agents in stabilizing arsenic (As) in soil at the forest area near the former Janghang smelter site. After amending the stabilizing agents (A, B, C, and D) into As-contaminated soil samples, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and solubility bioavailability research consortium (SBRC)-extractable As concentrations significantly decreased except for agent D, which is mainly composed of fly ash and calcium carbonate. Increase of SPLP and SBRC-extractable As concentrations in four soil samples (S1, S2, S3, and J2) was attributed to desorption of As adsorbed on iron oxides due to high pH generated by agent D. It is therefore necessary to consider application conditions according to soil characteristics such as pH and buffering capacity. Results of sequential extraction showed that readily extractable fractions of As in soil (i.e., sum of $SO_4-$ and $PO_4-extractable$ As in soil) were converted into non-readily extractable fractions by amending agents A, B, and C. Such changes in the As distribution in soil resulted in the decrease of SPLP and SBRC-extractable As concentration. A series of follow-up monitoring and management plan has been suggested to assess the longevity of the stabilization treatments in the site.

Keywords

References

  1. An, J., Jeong, S., Moon, H.S., Jho, E.H., and Nam, K., 2012, Prediction of Cd and Pb toxicity to Vibrio fischeri using biotic ligand-based models in soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 203-204, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.085
  2. An, J., Jho, E.H., and Nam, K., 2015, Effect of dissolved humic acid on the Pb bioavailability in soil solution and its consequence on ecological risk, J. Hazard. Mater., 286, 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.016
  3. Becker, M. and Asch, Folkard, 2005, Iron toxicity in rice-conditions and management concepts, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 168, 558-573. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200520504
  4. Cornell, R.M. and Schwertmann, U., 1996, The Iron Oxides: Structures, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses, VCH publishers, New York, NY.
  5. Jeong, S., Moon, H.S., Yang, W., and Nam, K., 2016, Applicability of enhanced-phytoremediation for arsenic-contaminated soil, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 21(1), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2016.21.1.040
  6. Kelley, M.E., Brauning, S., Schoof, R., and Ruby, M., 2002, Assessing Oral Bioavailability of Metals in Soil, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
  7. KMOE (Korea Ministry of Environment), 2015a, Soil Contaminant Risk Assessment Guidance, 2015-64.
  8. KMOE, 2016, Correction of Risk Assessment Report in the Forest Area Near the Former Janghang Smelter Site, 2016-397.
  9. KMOE, 2017a, Soil Environment Conservation Act, 14476.
  10. KMOE, 2017b, Official Test Methods of Soil Quality, 2017-22.
  11. KMOE, 2017c, Regulation on the Conservation of Groundwater Quality, 696.
  12. Kumpiene, J., Ore, S., Renella, G., Mench, M., Lagerkvist, A., and Maurice, C., 2006, Assessment of zerovalent iron for stabilization of chromium, copper, and arsenic in soil, Environ. Pollut., 144, 62-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.010
  13. Kumpiene, J., Lagerkvist, A., and Maurice, C., 2008, Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments - a review, Waste Manag., 28, 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.012
  14. Lee, S., An, J., Kim, Y.-J., and Nam, K., 2011, Binding strengthassociated toxicity reduction by birnessite and hydroxyapatite in Pb and Cd contaminated sediments, J. Hazard. Mater., 186, 2117-2122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.126
  15. Miretzky, P. and Cirelli, A.F., 2010, Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by iron amendments: a review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802202059
  16. Moore, T.J., Rightmire, C.M., and Vempati, R.K., 2000, Ferrous iron treatment of soils contaminated with arsenic-containing wood-preserving solution, Soil Sediment Contam., 9(4), 375-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/10588330091134310
  17. Mulligan, C.N., Yong, R.N., and Gibbs, B.F., 2001, An evaluation of technologies for the heavy metal remediation of dredged sediments, J. Hazard. Mater., 85, 145-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00226-6
  18. Nejad, Z.D., Jung, M.C., and Kim, K.-H., 2017, Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals with an emphasis on immobilization technology, Environ. Geochem. Health, DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9964-z.
  19. Nielsen, S.S., Petersen, L.R., Kjeldsen, P., and Jakobsen, R., 2011, Amendment of arsenic and chromium polluted soil from wood preservation by iron residues from water treatment, Chemosphere, 84, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.069
  20. Pokrovsky, O.S., Schott, J., and Thomas, F., 1999, Dolomite surface speciation and reactivity in aquatic systems, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63, 3133-3143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00240-9
  21. Somasundaran, P. and Agar, G.E., 1967, The zero point of charge of calcite, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 24, 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(67)90241-X
  22. SSSA (Soil Science Society of America), 1996, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3- chemical methods, Soil cience Society of America Inc. and Americaln Society of Agronomy Inc., Wisconsin, USA.
  23. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1994, Method 1312: Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure, EPA/1312/SW-846.
  24. USEPA, 1996, Method 3052: Microwave assisted acid digestion of siliceous and organically based matrices, EPA/3052/SW-846.
  25. USEPA, 2003, Method 9081: Cation-exchange capacity of soils (sodium acetate), EPA/9081/SW-846.
  26. USEPA, 2017, Superfund Remedy Report 15th Edition, EPA/542/R-17/001.
  27. Walkley, A. and Black, I.A., 1934, An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Sci., 37, 29-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
  28. Wenzel, W.W., Kirchbaumer, N., Prohaska, T., Stingeder, G., Lombi, E., and Adriano, D.C., 2001, Arsenic fractionation in soils using an improved sequential extraction procedure, Anal. Chim. Acta., 436, 309-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)00924-2
  29. Yang, K., Kim, B.C., Yu, G., and Nam, K., 2016, Applicability of stabilization with iron oxides for arsenic-contaminated soil at the forest area near the former Janghang smelter site, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 21(6), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2016.21.6.014