DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dynamic assessment of a FRP suspension footbridge through field testing and finite element modelling

  • Votsis, Renos A. (Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology) ;
  • Stratford, Tim J. (School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh) ;
  • Chryssanthopoulos, Marios K. (Civil Engineering (C5), Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey) ;
  • Tantele, Elia A. (Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2015.09.07
  • 심사 : 2016.12.21
  • 발행 : 2017.02.10

초록

The use of advanced fibre composite materials in bridge engineering offers alternative solutions to structural problems compared to traditional construction materials. Advanced composite or fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have high strength to weight ratios, which can be especially beneficial where dead load or material handling considerations govern a design. However, the reduced weight and stiffness of FRP footbridges results in generally poorer dynamic performance, and vibration serviceability is likely to govern their design to avoid the footbridge being "too lively". This study investigates the dynamic behaviour of the 51.3 m span Wilcott FRP suspension footbridge. The assessment is performed through a combination of field testing and finite element analysis, and the measured performance of the bridge is being used to calibrate the model through an updating procedure. The resulting updated model allowed detailed interpretation of the results. It showed that non-structural members such as the parapets can influence the dynamic behaviour of slender, lightweight footbridges, and consequently their contribution must be included during the dynamic assessment of a structure. The test data showed that the FRP footbridge is prone to pedestrian induced vibrations, although the measured response levels were lower than limits specified in relevant standards.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alampalli, S. and Washer, G.A. (2013), "Part VI: Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation", In: The International Handbook of FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, (M. Zoghi Ed.), CRC Press.
  2. ANSYS (Analysis System) (2003), ANSYS user's manual v.8.0; Houston, TX, USA.
  3. Bachmann, H. (2002), "Lively footbridges - A real challenge", Proceedings of the International Conference on the Design and Dynamic Behaviour of Footbridges, Office Technique pour l'Utilisation de l'Acier (OTUA), Paris, France, November.
  4. Bai, Y. and Keller, T. (2008), "Modal parameter identification for a GFRP pedestrian bridge", Compos. Struct., 82(1), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.12.008
  5. Bakis, C.E., Bank, L.C., Brown, V.L., Cosenza, E., Davalos, J.F., Lesko, J.J., Machida, A., Rizkalla, S.H. and Triantafillou, T.C. (2002), "Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for construction - State-of-the-Art review", J. Compos. Constr., 6(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2002)6:2(73)
  6. Barker, C., DeNeumann, S., Mackenzie, D. and Ko, R. (2005), "Footbridge pedestrian vibration limits, Part 1: Pedestrian input", Footbridge 2005.
  7. Brownjohn, J.M.W. (1997), "Vibration characteristics of a suspension footbridge", J. Sound Vib., 202(1), 29-46. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0789
  8. Brownjohn, J.M.W. and Fu, T.N. (2005), "Vibration excitation and control of a pedestrian walkway by individuals and crowds", Shock Vib., 12(5), 333-347. https://doi.org/10.1155/2005/857247
  9. BS5400 (2006), Steel, concrete and composite bridges - Part 2: Specification for loads, British Standards Institution, U.K.
  10. Cadei, J. (2003), The Nesscliffe Bypass Wilcott Footbridge - A Triumph of FRP, Concrete, June.
  11. Chopra, A.K. (2007), Dynamics of Structures-Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, Pearson-Prentice Hall, NJ, USA.
  12. Cunha, A., Caetano, E., Magalhaes, F. and Moutinho, C. (2012), "Recent perspectives in dynamic testing and monitoring of bridges", Struct. Control Health Monitor., 20(6), 853-877. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1516
  13. Dallard, P., Fitzpatrick, A.J., Flint A., Le Bouvra, S., Low A., Smith, R.M. and Willford, M. (2001), "The london millennium footbridge", The Struct. Eng., 79(22), 17-33.
  14. EN1990 (2002), Basis of structural design; Eurocode 0, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  15. EN1995 (2004), Design of timber structures-Part 2: Bridges, Eurocode 5, European Committee of Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  16. Ewins, D.J. (2000), Modal Testing: Theory, Practice and Applications, (2nd Edition), Research Studies Press, Baldock, UK.
  17. Farrar, C.R., Duffey, T.A., Cornwell, P.J. and Doebling, S.W. (1999), "Excitation methods for bridge structures", Proceedings of the 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC), Society for Experimental Mechanics, Kissimmee, FL, USA, February.
  18. FIB (International Federation for Structural Concrete) (2005), Guidelines for the Design of Footbridges; FIB Bulletin 32, November.
  19. Fujino, Y., Pacheco, B.M., Nakamura, S. and Warnitchai, P. (1993), "Synchronization of human walking observed during lateral vibration of a congested pedestrian bridge", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 22(9), 741-758. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290220902
  20. Georgakis, C.T. and Jorgensen, N.G. (2013), "Change in mass and damping on vertically vibrating footbridges due to pedestrians", Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, New York, NY, USA, February.
  21. Griffin, M.J. (1990), Handbook of Human Vibration, Academic Press, London, UK.
  22. Gudmundsson, G., Ingolfsson, E.T., Einarsson, B. and Bessason, B. (2008), "Serviceability assessment of three lively footbridges in Reykjavic", Proceedings of the International Conference on Footbridges 2008, Porto, Portugal, July.
  23. Hivoss (Human induced Vibrations of Steel Structures) (2008), Design of footbridges-Background document; RFS2-CT-2007- 00033, Research Fund for Coal and Steel.
  24. Hollaway, L.C. and Head, P.R. (2001), Advanced Polymer Composites and Polymers in the Civil Infrastructure, Elsevier, Oxford, UK.
  25. Ivorra, S., Foti, D., Bru, D. and Baeza, F. (2015), "Dynamic behaviour of a pedestrian bridge in Alicante, Spain", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 29(5), 0401432.
  26. Keller, T. (2003), Use of Fibre Reinforced Polymers in Bridge Construction, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering; Structural Engineering Documents, IABSE: SED7, Zurich, Switzerland.
  27. Kim, H.K., Kim, N.S., Jang, J.H. and Kim, Y.H. (2012), "Analysis model verification of a suspension bridge exploiting configuration survey and field-measured data", J. Bridge Eng., 17(5), 794-803. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000312
  28. Matsumoto, Y., Nishioka, T., Shiojiri, H. and Matsuzaki, K. (1978), "Dynamic design of footbridges", IABSE Periodica.
  29. Merce, R.N., Doz, G.N., Vital de Brito, J.L., Macdonald, J.H.G. and Friswell, M.I. (2007), "Finite element model updating of a suspension bridge using ANSYS software", Proceedings of Inverse Problems, Design and Optimization Symposium, Miami, FL, USA, April.
  30. Pachi, A. and Ji, T. (2005), "Frequency and velocity of people walking", The Struct. Eng., 83(2), 36-40.
  31. Peeters, B., Van den Branden, B., Laquiere, A. and De Roeck, G. (1999), "Output-only modal analysis: development of a GUI for Matlab", Proceedings of the 17th IMAC, Kissimmee, FL, USA, February.
  32. Pimentel, R.L. (1997), "Vibrational performance of pedestrian bridges due to human-induced loads", Ph.D. Dissertation; University of Sheffield. Sheffield, UK.
  33. Pretlove, A.J., Rainer, J.H. and Bachmann, H. (1995), "Pedestrian bridges", In: Vibration Problems in Structures: practical guidelines - Chapter: Vibrations induced by people, (Bachmann et al. Ed.), Zurich, Switzerland.
  34. Ren, W.X., Blandford, G.E. and Harik, I.E. (2004), "Roebling suspension bridge, Part I: Finite-element model and free vibration response", J. Bridge Eng., 9(2), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2004)9:2(110)
  35. Sachse, R., Pavic, A. and Reynolds, P. (2003), "Human-structure dynamic interaction in civil engineering dynamics: A literature review", Shock Vib. Digest, 35(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0583102403035001624
  36. SETRA (Technical Department for Transport, Roads and Bridges Engineering and Road Safety) (2006), "Assessment of vibrational behaviour of footbridges under pedestrian loading", Footbridges Technical Guide, Paris, France.
  37. Sousa, H.F., Bento, J. and Figueiras, J. (2014), "Assessment and management of concrete bridges supported by monitoring databased Finite Element modelling", J. Bridge Eng., 19(6), 05014002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000604
  38. SPICE (Signal Processing in Civil Engineering) (1999), SPICE v.2; K.U. Leuven - Structural Mechanics.
  39. Stratford, T. (2012), "The condition of the Aberfeldy footbridge after 20 years of service", Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Structural Faults and Repair, Edinburgh, Scotland, July.
  40. Strongwell Corporation (2010), COMPOSOLITE-Fiberglass Building Panel System; Bristol, VA, USA.
  41. SVibS (Structural Vibration Solutions) (2009), ARTeMIS Extractor Pro.
  42. Van den Broeck, P., Van Nimmen, K., Gezels, B., Reynders, E. and De Roeck, G. (2001), "Measurements and simulation of the human-induced vibrations of a footbridge", Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural Dynamics EURODYN 2011, Leuven, Belgium, July.
  43. Votsis, R.A. (2007), "Vibration assessment of FRP composite pedestrian bridges", Ph.D. Dissertation; University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
  44. Votsis, R.A., Wahab M.M.A. and Chryssanthopoulos, M.K. (2005), "Simulation of damage scenarios in an FRP composite suspension footbridge", Key Eng. Mater., 293, 599-606.
  45. Willford, M. (2002), "Dynamic actions and reactions of pedestrians", Proceedings of the International Conference on the Design and Dynamic Behaviour of Footbridges, Paris, France, November.
  46. Zhang, K., Duan, Z. and Liu, Y. (2009), "Dynamic Parameters identification and finite element model updating for continuous rigid frame bridge", J. Highway Transp. Res. Dev., 4(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1061/JHTRCQ.0000268
  47. Zivanovic, S., Pavic, A. and Reynolds, P. (2005), "Vibration serviceability of footbridges under human-induced excitation: A literature review", J. Sound Vib., 279(1-2), 1-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2004.01.019
  48. Zivanovic, S., Pavic, A. and Reynolds, P. (2007), "Finite element modelling and updating of a lively footbridge: The Complete Process", J. Sound Vib., 301(1-2), 126-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.09.024

피인용 문헌

  1. All-GFRP footbridge under human-induced excitation vol.262, pp.2261-236X, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926210013
  2. Structural evaluation of all-GFRP cable-stayed footbridge after 20 years of service life vol.29, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.4.527
  3. Vibration performance of composite steel-bar truss slab with steel girder vol.30, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.30.6.577
  4. Research on static and dynamic behaviors of PC track beam for straddle monorail transit system vol.31, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.437
  5. Dynamic behavior of hybrid framed arch railway bridge under moving trains vol.15, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2019.1594314
  6. Static performance of a new GFRP-metal string truss bridge subjected to unsymmetrical loads vol.35, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.5.641
  7. Experimental study on vibration serviceability of steel-concrete composite floor vol.74, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.74.5.711
  8. Field-testing and numerical simulation of vantage steel bridge vol.10, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13349-020-00396-2
  9. Mechanical Behavior of GFRP Connection Using FRTP Rivets vol.14, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14010007
  10. Structural performance evaluation of innovative composite pedestrian arch bridge vol.17, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1730411
  11. Effects of Flexural Stiffness on Deformation Behaviour of Steel and FRP Stress-Ribbon Bridges vol.11, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062585
  12. Study on load distribution ratio of composite pre-tightened tooth joint by shear nonlinearity vol.40, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2021.40.5.747