DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

서울지역 유통 반찬류의 나트륨, 칼륨 함량 및 식중독균 오염도 조사

Contents of Sodium, Potassium and Food-borne Pathogens Contamination of Side Dishes Distributed in Seoul Area

  • 황인숙 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 장미라 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김욱희 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이성득 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 박영애 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 최부철 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이경아 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김리라 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김동규 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 정애희 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 오영희 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김정헌 (서울특별시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 정권 (서울특별시보건환경연구원)
  • Hwang, In-Sook (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jang, Mi-Ra (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Ouk-Hee (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Deuk (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Park, Young-Ae (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Choi, Bu-Chul (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Kyeong-Ah (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Li-La (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Kyu (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jung, Ae-Hee (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Oh, Young-Hee (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Hun (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jung, Kweon (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment)
  • 투고 : 2016.06.27
  • 심사 : 2016.11.15
  • 발행 : 2017.02.28

초록

나트륨 저감화를 위한 식생활 기초자료를 확보하고자 서울지역 백화점, 대형마트, 재래시장 등에서 포장되어 판매되는 반찬류를 대상으로 나트륨 및 칼륨 함량을 조사하였다. 반찬류 22종류 92건의 100 g당 평균 나트륨 함량 및 칼륨 함량은 각각 $893.5{\pm}449.7mg/100g$, $307.4{\pm}213.5mg/100g$으로 나타났다. 조림류의 나트륨 함량이 $1,003.6{\pm}322.2mg/100g$으로 가장 높았으며, 조리방법에 따른 평균 나트륨 함량은 조림류, 무침류, 나물류로 조사되어 나물류가 나트륨을 적게 섭취할 수 있는 반찬유형으로 적합할 것으로 사료된다. 조림류와 무침류의 나트륨함량은 나물류와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 주요 반찬류의 1회 제공량당 나트륨 함량은 174.9~404.5 mg으로, 세계보건기구의 1일 최대 권고량(2,000 mg)대비 섭취비율이 8.7~20.2% 수준으로 나타났다. 멸치조림, 콩나물, 파래무침의 1회 분량 당 나트륨 섭취비율은 각각 WHO 권고량의 14.2%, 15.5%, 20.2%로 나타나, 3가지 반찬을 동시에 섭취한다고 가정하면 1일 최대 권고량의 약 50%(1,000 mg)를 섭취하게 된다. 그러므로 식단을 작성할 때 나트륨 함량 등을 고려하여 반찬을 선택하고, 즉석반찬의 표준 저염조리법 개발 및 포장반찬의 나트륨 함량 표시도 적극적으로 시행하여 소비자에게 선택권을 제공하여야 할 것으로 생각된다. 칼륨/나트륨 비는 나물 0.51, 무침 0.40, 조림 0.37로 반찬유형별로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 시금치나물 및 콩조림에서 각각 1.70, 0.81로 나타났으며, 고사리는 0.09로 나타났다. 칼륨/나트륨비가 1 이상이면 고 나트륨 섭취에 의한 고혈압 예방 및 개선효과가 있다고 보고되어 식단표 작성에 참고하면 유용할 것이다. 서울시내 일부 백화점, 대형마트, 재래시장 내 반찬가게에서 구입한 나물류 20건, 무침류 34건, 조림류 38건 총 92건 반찬시료에서 식중독균은 모두 검출되지 않았다.

To determine the contents of sodium and potassium in side dishes, 92 samples from 22 different kinds of side dishes that can be classified into 3 groups were collected in Seoul area and analysed using ICP-OES. The highest sodium content was detected in pepper doenjang muchim, while potassium content was the highest in kong jorim. When comparing the content of sodium and potassium in 3 groups, namely namul, muchim, and jorim, the sodium content of namul group was significantly different from those of jorim and muchim (p-value < 0.05). Sodium intake per serving size was the highest in parae muchim among the samples as estimated to 20.2% of WHO recommendation that is 2,000 mg/day. The amount of sodium by simultaneously intake of soybean sprouts namul, anchovy jorim and parae muchim per one serving size was estimated to 1,000 mg. The potassim/sodium ratios of spinach namul and kong jorim were 1.70 and 0.81, respectively, while that of bracken namul was very low as about 0.1. Food-borne pathogens were not detected out of 92 side dishes.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-III) Research Report, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control & revention, pp. 44-389 (2012).
  2. World Health Organization : Prevention of cardiovascular disease, guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk, Geneva. (2007).
  3. Hong S.M., Lee J.H., and Kim H.K.: Study on Sodium Reduction : 'Healthy Restaurant for Sodium Reduction'. J Korean Diet Assoc., 20(3), 175-182 (2014).
  4. Haddy F. J.: Role of dietary salt in hypertension. Life Sci., 79(17), 1585-1592 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.017
  5. He F.J. and MacGregor G.A.: A comprehension review on salt and health and current experience of worldwide salt reduction programmes. J Hum Hypertens., 23(6), 363-384 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2008.144
  6. He F.J. and MacGregor G.A.: Reducing population salt intake world wide - From evidence to implementation. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 52, 363-382 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2009.12.006
  7. The Korean Nutrition Society : Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. The Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul, Korea. pp. 1-6 (2010).
  8. Lim H.J.: A study on the sodium and potassium intakes and urinary excretion of adults in Busan.: Korean J. Community Nutr., 17(6), 737-751 (2012). https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.6.737
  9. http://biz.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/08/02/20160-80203225.html
  10. http://www.seoulsbdc.or.kr/ebook/EB_10100_SL.do?boardCd=B073#/2016/08/03
  11. Kim H.R., Kim M.S., Kim M.H., Son C.W., Kwak E.S., Heo O.S., and Kim M.R.: Analysis of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) content of side dishes purchased from traditional and supermarket in Daejeon area. J. East Asian Soc. Dietary Life, 19(3), 350-355 (2009).
  12. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation : Research for establishing microbial standards on Korean ready-to-eat side dishes. pp. 3-44 (2010).
  13. Korea Food and Drug Safety : Korean Food Code. Korea Food and Drug Safety, 9-1-65, 9-3 (2013).
  14. Lyu E.S., Lee D.S., and Chung S.K.: A survey of Korean housewives' on the commercial Korean basic side dishes in Busan Area. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr., 35(4), 440-447 (2006). https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.4.440
  15. http://mfds.go.kr/nutrition/upload/ebook/20141229/main.html.
  16. Tannen RL.: Effects of potassium on blood pressure control. Ann. Intern. Med., 98, 773-780 (1983). https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-773
  17. Goto A., Tobian L., and Iwai J.: Potassium feeding reduces hyperactive central nervous system pressor responses in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension (Suppl.1), I128-I134 (1981).
  18. Macgregor G.A., Markandu N.D., Smith S.J, Banks R.A., Sagnella G.A.: Moderate potassium supplementation in essential hypertension. Lancet., 320, 567-570 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90657-2
  19. Dahl LK, Leitt G, Heine M. Influence of dietary potassium and sodium/potassium molar ratios on the development of salt hypertension. J. Exp. Med., 136, 318-330 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.136.2.318
  20. Lee S.K., Chang E.J., Choi J.C., Bahn K.N., Kim M.H.: Current Assessment of Sodium and Potassium Intakes in Elementary and Middle School Students thorugh School Meals. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol., 42(5), 580-584 (2010).
  21. Choi J.H., Park J.Y., Lim E.G., Choi M,K., Kim J.S., Choi G.B., Jeong S.G., and Hahm Y.S.: AnInvestigation of Microbial Contamination of Side Dishes sold at Traditional Market and SuperMarket in Ulsan. J. Fd Hyg. Safety, 27(1), 87-95 (2012). https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2012.27.1.087