DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Affecting the Success of IT Service Venture Firms

IT서비스 벤처기업 성공에 영향을 미치는 요인

  • 안원영 (단국대학교 대학원 경영학과) ;
  • 오재인 (단국대학교 경영대학원, 단국대학교 경영학부)
  • Received : 2017.10.18
  • Accepted : 2017.11.05
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

Three years after establishment, companies are said to face a period of risk called the "valley of death." To start a venture company and make it sustainable, the chance of failure must be minimized. According to an in-depth assessment report on special taxation in 2015, the one-year survival rate of Korean companies was about 60 percent and the five-year survival rate about 30%. These rates are low compared to those of major OECD member countries. Worse, such rates in Korea are decreasing year by year. The purpose of this study is to classify the success factors behind venture companies into human capital, social capital and financial capital, and verify through empirical analysis the factors influencing the success of venture companies based on the mediating roles of capability of the startup team and that for innovation. To find the success factors behind venture companies, this study first examined the theories derived from previous studies. SPSS 21 was used as the study method, while descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and CMB test were conducted. In addition, SmartPLS 2 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, hypothesis test, mediation effect. The results of this study can help efforts toward job creation and economic revitalization pursued by the creative economy policy of the incumbent Korean administration. They can also be used as the cornerstone for venture companies in their pursuit of success.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, H.K., "Social Advertising Market of China, Double growth this year", iNews24, 2016, Available at http://news.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_serial=975806&g_menu=020600& rrf=nv (Accessed Aug 22. 2016). (안희권, "中소셜광고시장, 올해 2배 성장", 아이뉴스24, 2016. 8. 22.)
  2. Aldrich, H.E. and T. Yang, "Lost in Translation : Cultural Codes are not Blueprints", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.6, No.1, 2012, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1125
  3. Anderson, J.C. and J.A. Narus, "A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships", The Journal of Marketing, Vol.54, No.1, 1990, 42-58. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252172
  4. Aragon-Correa, J.A., V.J. Garcia-Morales, and E. Cordon-Pozo, "Leadership and Organizational Learning's Role on Innovation and Performance : Lessons from Spain", Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.36, No.3, 2007, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.09.006
  5. Aulet, B., Disciplined Entrepreneurship : 24 Steps to a Successful Startup, Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
  6. Bae, B.R., Effect of regulatory effects and effects by SPSS/Amos/LISREL/SmartPLS, Chungrambooks, 2015. (배병렬, SPSS/Amos/LISREL/SmartPLS에 의한 조절효과 및 매개효과분석, 도서출판청람, 2015.)
  7. Becker, G.S., Human Capital, New York : Columbia University Press, 1964.
  8. Becker, G.S., Human Capital : A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, Chicago : The University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  9. Becker, J.M. and I.R. Ismail, "Accounting for Sampling Weights in PLS Path Modeling : Simulations and Empirical Examples", European Management Journal, Vol.34, No.1, 2016, 606-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.06.009
  10. Bruederl, J., P. Preisendoerfer, and R. Ziegler, "Survival Chances of Newly Founded Business Organizations", American Sociological Review, Vol.57, No.2, 1992, 227-242. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096207
  11. Burt, R.S., Structural Holes : The Social Structure of Competition, Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press, 1992.
  12. Cassar, G., "Entrepreneur Opportunity Cost and Intended Venture Growth", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.21, No.5, 2006, 610-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.011
  13. Chae, S.I., Method of Social Science Research, B&M Books, 2013. (채서일, 사회과학조사방법론, 비엔엠북스, 2013.)
  14. Clarysse, B., J. Bruneel and M. Wright, "Explaining Growth Paths of Young Technologybased Firms : Structuring Resource Portfolios in Different Competitive Environments", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.5, No.2, 2011, 137-157. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.111
  15. Cooney, T.M., "What is an Entrepreneurial Team?", International Small Business Journal, Vol. 23, No.3, 2005, 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242605052131
  16. Cooper, A.C., T.B. Folta, and C. Woo, "Entrepreneurial Information Search", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.10, No.2, 1995, 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)00022-M
  17. Cooper, A.C., F.J, Gimeno-Gascon, and C.Y. Woo, "Initial Human and Financial Capital as Predictors of New Venture Performance", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.9, No.5, 1994, 371-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2
  18. Davidsson, P. and B. Honig, "The Role of Social and Human Capital among Nascent Entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.18, No.3, 2003, 301-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
  19. Dimov, D.P. and D.A. Shepherd, "Human Capital Theory and Venture Capital Firms : Exploring Home Runs and Strike Outs", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.20, No.1, 2005, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.12.007
  20. Drucker, P.F., Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Practice and Principles, London : Heinemann, 1985.
  21. Duchesneau, D.A. and W.B. Gartner, "A Profile of New Venture Success and Failure in an Emerging Industry", Journal of Small Business Venturing, Vol.5, No.5, 1990, 297-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(90)90007-G
  22. Edwards, K.L. and T.J. Gordon, Characterization of Innovations Introduced on the US Market in 1982, Futures Group and NTIS, 1984.
  23. Efron, B. and R. Tibshirani, An Introduction to the Bootstrap, Chapman&Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 1993.
  24. Fairlie, R.W., A. Morelix, E.J. Reedy, and J. Russell, The Kauffman Index 2015 : Startup Activity : National Trends, The Kauffman Foundation, 2015.
  25. Fornell, C. and D.F. Larcker, "Evaluating Structural Equation Model with Unobserved Variables and Measurement Error", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.18, No.1, 1981, 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  26. Fukuyama, F., Trust : The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, New York : Free Press, 1995.
  27. Garter, N.M., T.M. Stearns, P.D. Reynolds, and B.A. Miller, "New Venture Strategies : Theory Development with an Empirical Base", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15, No.1, 1994, 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150103
  28. Hair, J.F., G.T.M. Hult, C.M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM) 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, 2016.
  29. Han, J.S., "The number of venture companies in Seoul steadily increased to an annual average of 5%", E-daily, 2016, Available at http://www.edaily.co.kr/news/news_detail.asp?newsId=03457126612848016&mediaCodeNo=257&OutLnkChk=Y (Accessed Nov 21. 2016). (한정선, "서울의 벤처기업 연평균 5%로 꾸준히 증가", 이데일리, 2016. 11. 21.)
  30. Haynes, K.T., M.A. Hitt, and J.T. Campbell, "The Dark Side of Leadership : Towards a Mid- Range Theory of Hubris and Greed in Entrepreneurial Contexts", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.52, No.4, 2015, 479-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12127
  31. Hurt, T.H., K. Joseph, and C.D. Cook, "Scales for the Measurement of Innovativeness", Human Communication Research, Vol.4, No.1, 1977, 58-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00597.x
  32. Hyvarinen, L., "Innovativeness and its Indicators in Small and Medium Sized Industrial Enterprises", International Small Business Journal, Vol.9, No.1, 1990, 64-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/026624269000900106
  33. Inkpen A.C. and Eric W. Tsang, "Social Capital Networks and Knowledge Transfer", Academy of Management Review, Vol.30, No.1, 2005, 146-165. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.15281445
  34. Judge, T.A., R.F. Piccolo, and T. Kosalka, "The Bright and Dark Sides of Leader Traits : A Review and Theoretical Extension of the Leader Trait Paradigm", Leadership Quarterly, Vol.20, No.6, 2009, 855-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.09.004
  35. Jung, S.H., "An Analysis of Success Factors for IT Venture Businesses", Monthly Reaserch of Korea Development Bank, Vol.593, 2005, 57-68. (정승호, "IT 벤처기업의 성공요인 분석", 산은조사 월보, 제593호, 2005, 57-68.)
  36. Kang, J.K., "Infographics of Startup's Trend", Korea Creative Content Agency, Sep, 2015. (강중구, "인포그래픽으로 보는 스타트업 동향", 한국콘텐츠진흥원, 2015.)
  37. Kim, S.M., H.K. Kim, S.I. Ahn, "A Study on the Way to Retain and Maintain Talents of Venture Companies with insufficient Financial Resources", Korean Bisiness Review, Vol. 8, No. 3, 2015, 57-75. (김상민, 김현근, 안성익, "재무자원이 부족한 벤처기업의 우수인재 확보 및 유지 방안에 관한 연구", 한국비즈니스리뷰, 제8권, 제3호, 2015, 57-75.)
  38. Korea Venture Business Association, "Venture Business Status", Venture statistics trend, May, 2016. (벤처기업협회, "벤처기업 현황", 벤처통계 동향, 5월호, 2016.)
  39. Ku, D.M., A Study on the methodology for analysis of basic, regulatory and mediating effects using SPSS, LISREL, PLS and PROCESS, Hakhyunsa, 2013. (구동모, SPSS, LISREL, PLS 및 PROCESS를 활용한 기초, 조절, 매개효과 분석을 위한 연구방법론, 학현사, 2013.)
  40. Lavado, C.A., G. Cuevas-Rodriguez, and C. Cabello-Medina, "Social and Organizational Capital : Building the Context for Innovation", Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.39, No.4, 2010, 681-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2009.09.003
  41. Lechler, T., "Social Interaction : A Determinant of Entrepreneurial Team Venture Success", Small Business Economics, Vol.16, No.4, 2001, 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011167519304
  42. Lee H.Y., Data Analysis Using SPSS, Chungrambooks, 2013a. (이훈영, SPSS를 이용한 데이터분석, 도서출판 청람, 2013a.)
  43. Lee, G.H. and B.S. Yun, "Private Equity Market and Financing of Venture Businesses", The Journal of Small Business Innovation, Vol. 6, No.3, 2003, 145-172. (이기환, 윤병섭, "사적자본시장과 벤처기업의 자금조달", 기업가정신과 벤처연구, 제6권, 제3호, 2003, 145-172.)
  44. Lee, H.R., "A young entrepreneur fell to spec for the worst job market", TV Chosun, 2016, Available at http://news.tvchosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/03/20/2016032090118.html (Accessed Mar 20. 2016.) (이혜리, "최악 취업에 스펙으로 전락한 청년창업", TV조선, 2016. 3. 20.)
  45. Lee, J.H., "The World's Best IT Practices in the World, IT Powers Korea", Hankook Economy News, 2009, Available at http://news.hankyung.com/article/200908094699g?nv=o (Accessed Aug 18. 2009.) (이정호, "세계에서 컴퓨터 가장 잘 쓰는 나라 IT강국 코리아 일궈내", 한국경제, 2009. 8. 18.)
  46. Lee, J.W. and S.D. Chang, "Success Factors of High-tech Ventures : Successful Entrepreneurs' View", The Korean Association of Small Business Studies, Vol.23, No.4, 2001, 23-49. (이장우, 장수덕, "벤처기업의 성공요인 : 성공한 벤처기업가들의 관점", 한국중소기업학회, 제23권, 제4호, 2001, 23-49.)
  47. Lee, S.B., "A Study on the Effects of Entrepreneur's Social Capital on Start-up Performances mediated by Nascent Entrepreneur's Behaviors", The Graduate School of Konkuk University, 2013b. (이승배, "중소벤처기업 창업자의 사회적 자본이 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구-초기창업자 행동을 매개로", 건국대학교, 2013b.)
  48. Lussier, R.N., "A Nonfinancial Business Sucess versus Failure Prediction Model for Young Firms", Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.33, No.1, 1995, 8-20.
  49. Ministry of SMEs and Startups, Korea Institute of Startup and Entrepreneurship Development, "Survey on the status of start-up companies", Ministry of SMEs and Startups, Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development, 2015. (중소기업청, 창업진흥원, "창업기업 실태조사", 중소기업청, 창업진흥원, 2015.)
  50. Ministry of Strategy and Finance, "Special Assessment of Special Taxation in 2015", 2015. (기획재정부, "2015년도 조세특례 심층평가", 2015.)
  51. Mobaraki, M.H., H.M. Esfandabad, and R.M. Kazemi, "Entrepreneurial Team Formation the Success of the Companies", International Journal of Innovative Research in Management, Vol.1, No.2, 2013, 58-70.
  52. Nahapiet, J. and S. Ghoshal, "Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage", Academy of Management Review, Vol.23, No.2, 1998, 242-266. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533225
  53. Omri, A., M.A. Frikha, and M.A. Bouraoui, "An Empirical Investigation of Factors Affecting Small Business Success", Journal of Management Development, Vol.34, No.9, 2015, 1073-1093. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-07-2013-0088
  54. Putnam, R.D., "Bowling Alone : America's Declining Social Capital", Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, No.3, 1995, 65-78.
  55. Roberts, E.B., Entrepreneur in High Technology : Lessons from MIT and Beyond, New York : Oxford University Press, 1991.
  56. Ryu, J.S., "Venture Business Success Models", Samsung Economic Research Institute, 2002. (류지성, "벤처기업의 성공모형", 삼성경제연구소, 2002.)
  57. Schei, V. and J.K. Rognes, "Small Group Negotiation When Members Differ in Motivational Orientation", Small Group Research, Vol. 36, No.3, 2005, 289-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496404273145
  58. Schjoedt, L. and S. Kraus, "Entrepreneurial Teams : Definition and Performance Factors," Management Research News, Vol.32, No.6, 2009, 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910962957
  59. Shane, S. and S. Venktaraman, "The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research," Academy of Management Review, Vol.25, No.10, 2000, 217-226.
  60. Song, J.J., Statistical analysis method of SPSS/AMOS, 21th Century Books, 2015. (송지준, SPSS/AMOS 통계분석방법, 21세기사, 2015.)
  61. Starbuck, W.H., "Learning by Knowledge-Intensive Firms", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.29, No.6, 1992, 713-740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1992.tb00686.x
  62. Statistics Korea, "Business status by year", Nov, 2016. (통계청 국가지표체계, "연도별 사업자 현황", 2016.)
  63. Thornhill, S., "Knowledge, Innovation and Firm Performance in High-and Low-Technology Regimes", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.21, No.5, 2006, 687-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.06.001
  64. Tihula, S., J. Huovinen, and M. Fink, "Entrepreneurial Teams vs Management Teams : Reasons for Team Formation in Small Firms", Management Research News, Vol.32, No.6, 2009, 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170910962984
  65. Yuki, G.A., Leadership in Organization(4th Edition), Englewood cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1998.
  66. Zaheer, A. and G.G. Bell, "Benefiting from Network Position : Firm Capabilities, Structural Holes, and Performance", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.26, No.9, 2005, 809-826. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.482
  67. Zhang, J.A., S. Garrett-Jones, and R. Szeto, "Innovation Capability and Market Performance the Moderating Effect of Industry Dynamism", International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.17, No.2, 2013, 1-35.
  68. Zhang, J., F. Edgar, A. Geare, and C. O'Kane, "The Interactive Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Capability-Based HRM on Firm Performance : The Mediating Role of Innovation Ambidexterity", Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.59, 2016, 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.02.018