Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Vertical Distribution of Vascular Plant Species along an Elevational Gradients in the Gyebangsan Area of Odaesan National Park

오대산국립공원 계방산지구 관속식물의 고도별 수직분포

  • An, Ji-Hong (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Park, Hwan-Jun (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Nam, Gi-Heum (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Lee, Byoung-Yoon (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Park, Chan-Ho (Exhibition and Education Division, National Institute of Biological Resources) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Hyun (Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources)
  • 안지홍 (국립생물자원관 식물자원과) ;
  • 박환준 (국립생물자원관 식물자원과) ;
  • 남기흠 (국립생물자원관 식물자원과) ;
  • 이병윤 (국립생물자원관 식물자원과) ;
  • 박찬호 (국립생물자원관 전시교육과) ;
  • 김중현 (국립생물자원관 식물자원과)
  • Received : 2017.09.01
  • Accepted : 2017.11.28
  • Published : 2017.12.31
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Abstract

In order to investigate distribution of vascular plants along elevational gradient in the Nodong valley of Gyebangsan, vascular plants of eight sections with 100-meter-high were surveyed from the Auto-camping site (800 m) to the top of a mountain (1,577 m). There were a total of 382 taxa: 89 families, 234 genera, 339 species, 7 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 2 forms. As a result of analyzing the pattern of species richness, it showed a reversed hump-shaped with minimum richness at mid-high elevation. As a result of analyzing habitat affinity types, the proportion of forest species increased with increasing elevation. But, the ruderal species decreased with increasing elevation, and then increased at the top of a mountain. As for the proportion of life forms, the annual herbs gradually decreased with increasing elevation, but it did not appear between 1,300 m and 1,500 m and then increased at the top of a mountain. The trees gradually increased with elevation and decreased from 1,300~1,400 m. The vascular plants divided into four groups by using DCA. The arrangement of each stands was arranged in order from right to left on the I axis according to the elevation. The distribution of vascular plants is determined by their own optimal ranges of vegetation. Also, rise in temperature due to climate change affects the distribution of vascular plants, composition, and diversity. Therefore, continuous monitoring is necessary to confirm ecological and environmental characteristics of vegetation, distribution ranges, changes of habitat. Furthermore, plans for conservation and management based on these data should be prepared according to climate change.

오대산국립공원 계방산 노동계곡일대 관속식물의 고도별 수직분포 및 분포변화를 파악하기 위해 오토캠핑장(800 m)에서 정상(1,577 m)까지 해발 100 m 단위로 등분하여 8개 구간에 대한 식물목록을 작성하였다. 총 4회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시한 결과 관속식물은 85과 234속 339종 7아종 34변종 2품종의 총 382분류군으로 조사되었다. 구간별 식물 종다양성 패턴을 분석한 결과, 고도가 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하다가 특정 구간에서부터 다시 증가하는 역단봉형 패턴을 보였다. 이러한 분포패턴은 기후요인, 토양의 이화학적 요인, 지형적 요인, 광량, 인위적 교란 등 다양한 인자가 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 출현 종들의 생장형과 광 요구조건에 따라 생육지 유형을 비교한 결과, 고도가 높아짐에 따라 산림에 생육하는 종의 비율은 증가하고, 교란지에 생육하는 종의 비율은 점차 감소하다가 정상부에서 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 생활형에 따른 출현 비율을 비교한 결과, 일년생 초본의 경우 고도가 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하다가 1,300~1,500 m 구간에서는 출현하지 않았으며 마지막 정상부 구간에서 약간 증가하였다. 다년생 초본, 만경류 및 관목성 수종의 출현비율은 고도가 증가함에 따라 증감을 반복하였으며, 교목성 수종의 경우 점차 증가하다가 1,300~1,400 m 구간부터 감소하는 경향을 보였다. DCA 기법을 이용하여 출현종의 고도별 분포변화를 분석한 결과, 4개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 구간별 식분의 배치는 I축상의 오른쪽으로부터 왼쪽을 향해 고도에 따라 순차적으로 배열됨에 따라 고도에 따른 온도변화가 그 식물분포의 양상에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 호적범위는 식물종의 분포를 결정하기 때문에 기후변화로 인한 기온 상승은 현재 식물종의 분포, 종조성 및 다양성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 식물종들의 생태 환경적 특징과 분포역, 생육지의 변화를 파악하기 위한 지속적인 모니터링이 필수적이다. 나아가 이러한 자료를 토대로 기후변화에 따른 식물자원의 보전 및 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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