References
- Alibala, M., & Nathan, M. J. (2007). Teachers' gestures as a means of scaffolding students' understanding: Evidence from an early algebra lesson. In R. Pea, B. Barron, & S. J. Derry (Eds.), Video Research in the Learning Sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Applebee, A. N., & Langer, J. A. (1983). Instructional Scaffolding: Reading and writing as natural language activities. Language Arts, 60, 168-175.
- Bidwell, S., & Jensen, M. F. (2003). Chapter 3: Using a search protocol to identify sources of information: the COSI model. Etext on Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Information Resources [Internet]. Bethesda: US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Health & Human Services.
- Braden, R. A. (1994). Visual verbal relationships. Visual literacy: A spectrum of visual learning, 193-208.
- Brown, A. L., & Ferrara, R. (1985). Diagnosing zones of proximal development. In J. Wertsch (Ed.), Culture, communication, and cognition: Vygotskian perspectives (pp. 273-305). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- Bull, K. S., Shuler, P., Overton, R., Kimball, S., Boykin, C., & John, G. (1999). Processes for developing scaffolding in a computer mediated learning environment. Paper presented at the American Council of Rural Special Education(ACRES) conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
- Campione, J. C. (1989). Assisted assessment: A taxonomy of approaches and an outline of strengths and weaknesses. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 151-165.
- Campione, J. C., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Learning ability and transfer propensity as sources of individual differences in intelligence. In P. H. Brooks, R. Sperber, & C. McCauley (Eds), Learning and cognition in the mentally retarded (pp. 265-293). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Campione, J. C., & Brown, A. L. (1990).Guided learning and transfer: Implications for approaches to assessment. In N. Frederiksen, R. Glaser, A. Lesgold, & M. Shafto (Eds.), Diagnostic monitoring of skill and knowledge acquisition (pp. 141-172). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
- Campione, J. C., Brown, A. L., Ferrara, R. A., & Bryant, N. R. (1984). The zone of proximal development: Implications for individual differences in learning. In B. Rogoff& J. V. Wertsch (Eds.), New directions for child development: No. 23: "Children's learning in the zone of proximal development" (pp. 77-91). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
- Carrier, K. A., & Tatum, A. W. (2006). Creating sentence walls to help English language learners develop content literacy. The reading teacher, 60(3), 285-288.
- Charles, F. K., & Eugene, R. T. (2001). Active visual scaffold. First International Program Visualization Workshop. pp. 179-192.Porvoo, Finland: University of Joensuu Press.
- Coombs, S. (2006) Engaging Learners through Critical Thinking Scaffolds. The MirandaNet Braided Learning e-Journal, MirandaNet Fellowship. Downloaded from: http://www.mirandanet.ac.uk/cgi-bin/journals/search_ej.pl?runtype=news;ejtype=ins, 1.11.07.
- Cuevas, H. M., Fiore, S. M., & Oser, R. L. (2002). Scaffolding cognitive and metacognitive processes in low verbal ability learners: Use of diagrams in computer-based training environments. Instructional Science, 30, 433-464.
- Doblin, J. (1987). A short, grandiose theory of design. STA Design Journal, Analysis and Intuition, 6-16.
- Engelbart, D. C. (2001). Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework (1962). PACKER, Randall and JORDAN, Ken. Multimedia. From Wagner to Virtual Reality. New York: WW Norton & Company, 64-90.
- Ford, S., Forlizzi, J., & Ishizaki, S. (1997). Kinetic typography: Issues in time-based presentation of text. CHI'97 Conference Extended Abstracts, pp. 269-270.
- Forlizzi, J., Lee, J., & Hudson, S. (2003). The kinedit system: Affective messages using dynamic text. Proceedings of CHI 2003 (pp. 377-384). Fort Lauderdale, FL: ACM Press.
- Ishizaki, S. (1996). Multi-agent model of dynamic design: Visualization as an emergent behavior of active design agents. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems: common ground (pp. 347-354). ACM.
- Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R., & Gall, J. P. (1996). Educational research: An introduction. Longman Publishing.
- Gibson, J. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associations.
- Han, A. (2006). Design and utilization of the visual organizers in web-based learning. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Hannafin, M., Land, S., & Oliver, K. (1999). Open learning environments: foundations, Methods, and Models. In K. Hogan & M. Pressley(Eds). Scaffolding student learning: instructional approaches and issues (pp.115-140). Cambridge, MA: Brooklyne Books.
- Hannafin, M. J., McCarthy, J. E., Hannafin, K. M., & Radke, P. (2001). Scaffolding performance in EPSSs: Bridging theory and practice. Proceedings of 2001 EDMEDEA World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, & Telecommunications, 658-663.
- Hart, C. (1998). Doing a literature review: Releasing the social science research imagination. Sage.
- Hassett, D. D., & Schieble, M. B. (2007). Finding space and time for the visual in K12 literacy instruction. The English Journal, 97(1), 62-68.
- Kashihara, A., & Satake, Y. (1998). A history visualization for learning-by exploration in hypermedia on WWW. Proceedings of Webnet 98 World Conference of the WWW, Internet and Intranet (3rd, Orlando, FL, November 7-12), 9-17.
- Kidwai, K., Mynuofu, M., Swain, W. J., Ausman, B. D., Lin, H., & Dwyer, F., (2004). Effect of visual scaffold and animation on students performance on measure of higher order learning. Paper presented at the selected research and development presentations at the national convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology(AECT), Chicago, IL.
- Lee, S., & Urlich, N. (2011). A meta-notation for data visualization. Visualization and Data Analysis 2011, 7868, 78680V-9.SPIE.
- Lee, S. (2007). The study on the learner's response in the class using the visual imagery incitement as instructional strategy. Unpublished master's thesis. Seoul National University. Seoul, Korea.
- Lee, J. (2012). Development of a visual summarizer design model for digital learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University. Seoul, Korea.
- Lumpe, A. T., & Butler, K. (2002).The information seeking strategies of high school science students. Research in Science Education, 32(4), 549-566.
- Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia Learning. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Mayer, R. E., & Anderson, R. B. (1991). Animations need narrations: An experimental test of a dual-coding hypothesis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 484.
- Mayer, R. E., & Anderson, R. B. (1992). The instructive animation: Helping students build connections between words and pictures in multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(4), 444.
- Mayer, R. E., Bove, w., Bryman, A., Mars, R., &Tapangco, L. (1996). When less is more: Meaningful Learning from visual and verbal summaries of science textbook lessons. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 64-73.
- Mayer, R. E., Mautone, P., & Prothero, W. (2002). Pictorial aids for learning by doing in a multimedia geology simulation game. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(1), 171.
- Merrill, M. D. (1983). Component display theory. Instructional-design theories and models: An overview of their current status, 1, 282-333.
- Miller, L. W. (1987). Visual literacy across the curriculum. Braden, RA, DG Beauchamp, & LW Miller (Eds.), 105-112.
- Norman, D. A. (1988). The Design of Everyday Things. New York, NY: Basic Books.
- Okebukola, P. A. (1992). Concept mapping with a cooperative learning flavor. The American Biology Teacher, 54(4), 218-221.
- Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and Verbal Processes. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
- Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations: A dual coding approach. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Park, S., Rha, I., Byun, H., & Kim, T. (2010). The effect of visual scaffolding and visualization tendency on web-based problem solving. Proceedings of Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education(AACE). Penang, Malaysia. May 19-22, 2010.
- Pea, R. D. (2004). The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human and activity. The Journal of Learning Science, 13(3), 423-451.
- Pearson, P. D. & Fielding, L. (1991). Comprehension instruction. In R. Barr, J. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, & P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research, Vol. 11(pp.815-860). New York: Longman.
- Quintana, C., Krajcik, J., & Soloway, E. (2002). Scaffolding design guidelines for learnercentered software environments. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association(AERA), New Orleans, LA.
- Quintana, C., Reiser, B. J., Davis, E. A., Krajcik, J., Fretz, E., Duncan, R. G., Kyza, E. Edelson, D., & Soloway, E. (2004). A scaffolding design framework for software to support science inquiry. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 337-386.
- Rha, I. (2007). Human visual intelligence and the new territory of educational technology research. Educational Technology International 8(1), 1-16.
- Rha, I., & Park, S. (2010). The effect of visual and verbal scaffolds on web-based problem solving performance. Educational Technology International, 11(2), 97-114.
- Rogoff, B. (1990). Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. NY: Oxford University Press.
- Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1983). The development of evaluative, diagnostic, and remedial capabilities in children's composing. In M. Martlew (Ed.), The psychology of written language: Developmental and educational perspectives (pp. 67-95). London: Wiley.
- Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1985). Research on written composition.In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 778-803). NY: Macmillan.
- Schmidt, R., Isenberg, T., Jepp, P., Singh, K., &Wyvill, B. (2007). Sketching, Scaffolding, and Inking: A visual history for interactive 3D modeling. Proceedings of NPAR, 23-32, New York, ACM.
- Schwartz, D., & Heiser, J. (2005). Spatial Representation and Imagery in Learning. In R. K. Sawyer(Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences.(283-298). Cambridge University Press.
- Sharma, P. & Hannafin, M. J. (2007). Scaffolding in technology-enhanced learning environments. Interactive learning environments 15(1), 27-46.
- Sung (2009). Development and validation of the principles on visual representation of digital text structure for e-learning content. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Tabak, I. (2004). A complement to emerging patterns of distributed scaffolding. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 305-335.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Whitmeyer, S., Feely, M., De Paor, D., Hennessy, R., Whitmeyer, S., Nicoletti, J., ... & Rivera, M. (2009). Visualization techniques in field geology education: A case study from western Ireland. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 461, 105-115.
- Wileman, R. E. (1980). Exercises in visual thinking. Hastings House Book Publishers.
- Wileman, R. E. (1993). Visual communicating. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
- Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, 89-100.
- Wood, D., & Middleton, R. (1975). A study of assisted problem solving. British Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 181-191.
- Yehezkel, C., Ben-Ari, M., & Dreyfus, T. (2007). The contribution of visualization to learning computer architecture. Computer Science Education, 17(2), 117-127.
- Zeleznik, R. C., Herndon, K. P., & Hughes, J. F. (2007). SKETCH: An interface for sketching 3D scenes. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses (p. 19). ACM.
- Zembal-Saul, C., Munford, D., Crawford, B., Friedrichsen, P., & Land, S. (2002). Scaffolding preservice science teachers' evidence-based arguments during an investigation of natural selection. Research in Science Education, 32(4), 437-463.