DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Color Difference Discrimination for PVC Deco-Film using Entry-Level Digital Device

보급형 디지털 장비를 이용한 Deco-Film용 PVC의 색차판별에 대한 연구

  • Im, Hoyoun (Graduate School of Management of Technology, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Kim, Minsoo (Graduate School of Management of Technology, Pukyong National University)
  • Received : 2016.12.02
  • Accepted : 2017.02.20
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

Though digital imaging devices such as smart phones, digital cameras and office scanners have improved significantly over the past years, they are seldom used for industrial application. This may be attributable to high level of quality and performance requirement for industrial application, but there lacks a test or an objective evaluation whether the upgraded performance of entry-level device is sufficiently enough to replace existing industrial equipments or not. If there exists an industrial application area where the applicability of entry-level equipment is proved by some objective tests, then companies will be able to reduce investment on expensive industrial equipment. In this study, applicability of entry-level digital devices for color difference discrimination of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) color sheet is tested. By testing smart phone, digital camera, and office scanner for color difference discrimination, authors have found that office scanner shows consistent result with less measurement error. Additional experiment on comparing office scanner with industrial spectrophotometer has confirmed that there exists high correlation between the two devices' results. Based on this result, office scanner may be applicable to discriminate the color difference of PVC sheet instead of expensive industrial spectrophotometer if proper management criteria are established.

스마트폰, 디지털 카메라 및 사무용 스캐너와 같은 보급형 디지털 영상장비가 과거에 비해 매우 개선되었음에도 실제 산업 현장에서 활용되는 경우는 거의 없다. 이것은 산업 현장에서 요구되는 높은 수준의 품질과 성능 때문이지만, 향상된 보급형 장비의 성능이 충분히 기존 산업용 장비를 대신할 만큼 성장했는지에 대해 객관적인 검증은 부족한 상황이다. 만약 보급형 장비가 활용될 수 있는 영역을 실험을 통해 객관적으로 확인할 수 있다면, 기업들은 고가의 산업용 장비 구입에 투자하는 비용을 절감할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 PVC(Polyvinyl chloride) 컬러용지의 색차판별에 대한 보급형 디지털 영상장비의 활용가능성을 실험하고자 한다. 스마트폰, 디지털 카메라 및 사무용 스캐너를 색차판별 실험에 사용하여, 사무용 스캐너가 적은 측정오차와 일관된 결과를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 사무용 스캐너를 실제 산업용 분광색차계와 비교하는 추가 실험을 통해 두 결과의 상관관계가 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 색차판별을 위한 적절한 관리기준을 마련한다면 PVC 컬러용지 제작에서 사무용 스캐너가 산업용 분광색차계를 충분히 대신할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Billmeyer, F. W. and Saltzman, M., Principles of Color Technology, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 98-107, 1981.
  2. Choi, S. H., "Application of Real Time Multimedia Communication to Web Malls," Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference 1999, Jul., Vol. 1, pp. 349-354, 1999.
  3. Chung, B. M., Cho, C. S., and Park, M. J., "Color Inspection of Printed Texture using Scanner and NN model," IEEE (ICIT), pp. 1100-1105, 2004.
  4. CIE(1932), Commission internationale de l'Eclairage proceedings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1931.
  5. CIE 1319 Color Space, https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIE_1931_%EC%83%89_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84, 2016.
  6. Filho, J. P., Petruci, J. F. D. S., and Cardoso, A. A., "Development of a simple method for determination of $NO_2$ in air using digital scanner images," Talanta, Vol. 140, pp. 73-80, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.009
  7. Gamble, T. A., "Document Imaging & Conversion And the Application of Standards," Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference, 1998, Oct., Vol. 1, pp. 141-148, 1998.
  8. Guild, J., "The colorimetric properties of the spectrum," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, Vol. 230, pp. 149-187, 1931.
  9. Holmes, J. G., "The Use of Uniform Chromaticity Scales," Proceedings of the Physical Society, Vol. 52, No. 3, p. 359, 1940. https://doi.org/10.1088/0959-5309/52/3/306
  10. Hunter, R. S., "Accuracy, Precision, and Stability of New Photo-electric Color- Difference Meter," Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 38, No. 12, p. 1094, (Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America), 1948.
  11. Hunter, R. S., "Photoelectric Color-Difference Meter," Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 38, No. 7, p. 651, 1948.
  12. Jain, A. K., Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1989.
  13. Kurabayashi, T., "Time Characteristics of Inspectors," Ergonomics, Vol. 27, No. 7, pp. 781-788, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138408963551
  14. Lim, C. S., Choi, B. G., and Yoon, Y. G., "A Study on Business Processes and Corresponding Classifications of Digital Contents Industries," The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 105-120, 2002.
  15. Lindbloom, B., 3D representations of the L*a*b* gamut, http://www.brucelindbloom.com/index.html?WorkingSpaceInfo.html, 2016.
  16. Margulis, D., Photoshop Lab Color: The Canyon Conundrum and Other Adventures in the Most Powerful Colorspace, Pearson Education, ISBN 0-321-35678-0, 2006.
  17. Meng, X., Schultz, C. W., Cui, C., Li, X., and Yu, H.-Z., "On-site chip-based colorimetric quantitation of organophosphorus pesticides using an office scanner," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 215, pp. 577-583, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.04.011
  18. Meyer, G. W., Greenberg, D. P., "Perceptual color spaces for computer graphics," ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Vol. 14, pp. 254-261, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1145/965105.807502
  19. Morovic, J., Color Gamut Mapping, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
  20. Ohta, H., "Qualification of inspectors for Subjective Testing by Constellation Graph," Human Factors, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 467-172, 1981.
  21. Park, Y. S., Color, Yerim, ISBN 9788990905666, 2007.
  22. RGB Color Codes Chart, http://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGB_Color.htm, 2016.
  23. Rho, M.-J., Kim, J.-H., and Lee, J.-B., "An Exploratory Study on Smart-Phone and Service Convergence," The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 59-77, 2010.
  24. Ryu, B. T., Kim, K. T., Ha, Y. S., Bae, J. W., Lee, S. B., Song, J. H., Lee, K. Y., Lee, J. D., Kim, K. H., and Kim, H. S., "New RGB Primary for Varius Multimedia System," Journal of Information Display, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 65-70, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980316.2014.919966
  25. Schwabish, S. D. and Drury, C. G., "The Influence of Reflective-Impulsive Cognitive Style on Visual Inspection," Human Factors, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 641-647, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088402600603
  26. Sharma, G. and Bala, R., Digital Color Imaging Handbook, CRC Press, 2002.
  27. Smith, T. and Guild, J., "The C.I.E. colorimetric standards and their use," Transactions of the Optical Society, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 73-134, 1931. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-4878/33/3/301
  28. Smith, V. C. and Pokorny, J., "The design and use of a cone chromaticity space," Color Research and Application, Vol. 21, pp. 375-383, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6378(199610)21:5<375::AID-COL6>3.0.CO;2-V
  29. Spicer, C. W., Kenny, D. V., Ward, G. F., Billick, I. H., and Leslie, N. P., "Evaluation of NO2 Measurement Methods for Indoor Air Quality Applications," Air & Waste, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 163-168, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1080/1073161X.1994.10467245
  30. Stubbings, T. C. and Hutter, H., "Peer previewed: combining multispectral image information using color," Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 72, pp. 282-288, 2000.
  31. Togami, H., "Affects on Visual Search Performance of Individual Differences in Fixation Time and Number of Fixation," Ergonomics, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 181-190, 1984.
  32. Velioglu, H. M., Boyaci, I. H., and Kurultay, S., "Determination of visual quality of tomatp paste using computerized inspection system and artificial neural networks," Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol. 77, pp. 147-154, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.04.007
  33. Wang, M. J. and Drury, C. G., "A Method of Evaluating Inspector's Performance Differences and Job Requirements," Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 181-190, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(89)90075-6
  34. Wright, W. D., "A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectral colours," Transactions of the Optical Society, Vol. 30, pp. 141-164, 1928.
  35. Wright, W. D., "The Graphical Representation of Small Color Differences," Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 33, No. 11, pp. 632-633, 1943. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.33.000632