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Nutritional and Functional Properties of Water Extracts from Achyranthes japonica Nakai-Rice Pilsner Byproducts

Achyranthes japonica Nakai-Rice Pilsner 맥주박 열수 추출물의 영양성 및 기능성

  • Oh, So-Hyeong (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Jeong, Beom-Gyun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Chun, Jiyeon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Sunchon National University)
  • Received : 2016.12.09
  • Accepted : 2016.12.26
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

Two byproducts, brewer's spent grain (BSG; germinated rice and malt) and brewer's spent material (BSM; Achyranthes japonica Nakai), were collected during the manufacture of pilsner beer using A. japonica Nakai and germinated rice. Water extracts of BSG and BSM were prepared at different temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, and $100^{\circ}C$) for 5 h, and their nutritional and functional properties were investigated. ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ acid (GABA), saponin, and niacin contents were higher in extracts prepared at $60^{\circ}C$ for more than 3 h than the other extracts, whereas total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and reducing power were higher in samples extracted at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 h compared to the other ones. Overall, water extraction at $60^{\circ}C$ for 3 h was desirable to effectively collect both nutritional and functional components from BSG and BSM. Under these conditions, BSM extracts showed 4~18 times high niacin and folate contents, 1.4 times high total phenolic content, and 11~60 times high antioxidant activities compared to BSG extracts. This study shows that pilsner beer byproducts would be good sources of health beneficial components, especially GABA, saponin, water soluble vitamins, and polyphenolics.

본 연구는 지역특산자원인 우슬과 발아벼를 이용하여 Achyranthes japonica Nakai-Rice Pilsner(ARP) 맥주를 제조하고 얻어지는 맥주박의 활용가치를 평가하여 소규모 맥주 제조사의 부가가치 생산과 제품개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. ARP 맥주 제조 시 당화 및 농축공정에서 얻어지는 맥주박 brewer's spent grain(BSG, 맥아와 미아)와 brewer's spent material(BSM, 우슬)의 $25^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, 그리고 $100^{\circ}C$ 열수 추출액을 제조하고 이들의 영양성 및 기능성을 평가하였다. ARP 맥주박 BSG와 BSM의 열수 추출액의 유용성분 추출량은 추출온도와 시간에 따라 차이를 나타내었으며 ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA), 사포닌, 나이아신 성분은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 이상의 추출에서 함량이 높게 나타났지만, 총폴리페놀 성분과 항산화능[1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력]의 경우 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 추출 시 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 엽산의 경우 BSG는 $100^{\circ}C$에서, BSM은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 추출된 시료가 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 영양성과 기능성을 모두 고려해볼 때 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간의 열수 추출조건이 바람직한 조건으로 보인다. 이 조건하에서 BSG 추출액의 경우 GABA $186.1{\mu}g/100mL$, 나이아신 $67.9{\mu}g/100mL$, 엽산 $80.9{\mu}g/100mL$, 총폴리페놀 $198.8{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/100mL, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 $90.0{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 환원력 $8.4{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, BSM 추출액의 경우 사포닌 $300.2{\mu}g$ diosgenin equivalents/100 mL, 나이아신 $1,209.7{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 엽산 $18.0{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 총폴리페놀 $270.4{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 $1,049.9{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 환원력 $505.5{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. BSM의 열수 추출액은 BSG 추출액에 비하여 수용성 비타민의 경우 약 4~18배, 총폴리페놀 함량은 1.4배, 항산화능은 약 11~60배 높게 나타나 영양성 및 기능성 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 볼 때 ARP 맥주박은 영양성 및 기능성 면에서 우수한 자원으로 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 열수 추출물을 향후 제품 개발에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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