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아산 외암마을 일원의 변화과정 추적을 통해 본 문화경관상(文化景觀相)

Shape of Cultural Landscape in Oeam Village, Asan by Investigating Changes

  • 이창훈 (문화재청 국립문화재연구소) ;
  • 이원호 (문화재청 국립문화재연구소)
  • Lee, Chang-Hun (National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Won-Ho (National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 투고 : 2017.12.01
  • 심사 : 2017.12.29
  • 발행 : 2017.12.31

초록

본 연구는 아산 외암마을을 대상으로 시간의 흐름에 따라 변화하는 문화경관상(文化景觀相)을 살펴 마을의 소경관(素景觀)의 형성배경과 시기별 변화양상을 파악하고자 하였으며, 이에 도출된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, "외암기(巍巖記)"를 비롯한 여러 문헌에서 언급되는 외암마을의 주변 지형과 경관요소의 내용에서 과거 선인들에게 인식되었던 소경관의 내용을 확인하였고, 지형분석을 통해 외암마을이 형성되기 전에 흐르던 자연수계와 마을 내 인공수로가 동일선상에 위치하는 것을 분석하였다. 둘째, 외암마을의 경관변화를 특정 지을 수 있는 (1) 예안 이씨 동족촌의 확장기, (2) 마을 경관에 큰 변화가 없이 주민 간에 유기체적 관계를 형성하며 마을이 유지된 정체기, (3) 국가정책에 의해 마을 경관모자이크가 가장 크게 변하는 변화기, (4) 문화재 지정 이후 보존을 원칙으로 한 관광활용을 도모하는 보존 활용 시기로 구분이 가능하였다. 셋째, 과거 마을의 주요 기능을 담당하였던 지역은 마을의 동쪽에서 서측으로 이동하였음을 확인하였다. 과거에는 마을의 동측지역에서 마을의 생성과 확장의 과정에서, 농업을 중심으로 한 기능이 수행되었다. 그러나 마을이 산업화와 관광화의 외부간섭을 받는 과정에서 마을의 서측에 위치한 진입부로 마을 주요 기능을 담당하는 중심지가 변화하는 양상을 파악하였다. 외암마을의 과거모습의 이해를 위한 문헌발굴과 해석을 통한 진정성 규명 연구가 병행되어야 하며, 마을 내 세부 경관요소의 변화과정과 특성비교 등의 연구는 추후 과제로 남기고자 한다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the development and transition of the Original landscape(始景觀) of Oeam Village based on the landscape that changes over time and the relevant factors and the following summarizes the findings: First, Original landscape perceived by the ancestors of Korea was identified in the description of topography and landscape of Oeam Village mentioned in various literature such as "Oeamgi(巍巖記)" and topography was analyzed to identify that the natural waters that flew before Oeam Village was formed aligned with the artificial waterway inside the village. Second, the landscape of Oeam Village was classified by characterized events: (1) expansion of the tribal town of the Yi Family of Yean, (2) stagnancy where the villagers formed an organic relationship without much change to the landscape, (3) the biggest change to the landscape by national policies, and (4) preservation and use of tourism resources based on preservation of cultural heritage. Third, the center of village moved from the east of village to the west of village. In the past, the east of village provided agricultural functions for the development and expansion of village. The center later shifted to the entrance to the west of village under the influence of industrialization and tourism. Further studies would be necessary to clarify the authenticity of resources through additional literature for better understanding of the past of Oeam Village and the transition of the village's landscape elements and the comparison of their characteristics could be possible topics for future studies.

키워드

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