Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of polymer-coated slow-release urea on total tract apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and performance of Nellore steers

  • Gardinal, R. (Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP)) ;
  • Calomeni, G.D. (Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP)) ;
  • Consolo, N.R.B. (Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP)) ;
  • Takiya, C.S. (Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP)) ;
  • Freitas, J.E. Jr (Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Bahia) ;
  • Gandra, J.R. (Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados) ;
  • Vendramini, T.H.A. (Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP)) ;
  • Souza, H.N. (Petrobras, CENPES) ;
  • Renno, F.P. (Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP))
  • Received : 2016.01.23
  • Accepted : 2016.04.26
  • Published : 2017.01.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of coated slow-release urea on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, blood glucose and urea concentration (Exp 1), and average daily gain (ADG; Exp 2) of steers. Methods: Exp 1: Eight ruminally fistulated steers [$503{\pm}28.5kg$ body weight (BW)] were distributed into a d $4{\times}4$ Latin square design and assigned to treatments: control (CON), feed grade urea (U2), polymer-coated slow-release urea A (SRA2), and polymer-coated slow-release urea B (SRB2). Dietary urea sources were set at 20 g/kg DM. Exp 2: 84 steers ($350.5{\pm}26.5kg$ initial BW) were distributed to treatments: CON, FGU at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (U1 and U2, respectively), coated SRA2 at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (SRA1 and SRA2, respectively), and coated SRB at 10 or 20 g/kg diet DM (SRB1 and SRB2, respectively). Results: Exp 1: Urea treatments (U2+SRA2+SRB2) decreased (7.4%, p = 0.03) the DM intake and increased (11.4%, p<0.01) crude protein digestibility. Coated slow-release urea (SRA2+-SRB2) showed similar nutrient digestibility compwared to feed grade urea (FGU). However, steers fed SRB2 had higher (p = 0.02) DM digestibility compared to those fed SRA2. Urea sources did not affect ruminal fermentation when compared to CON. Although, coated slow-release urea showed lower (p = 0.01) concentration of $NH_3-N$ (-10.4%) and acetate to propionate ratio than U2. Coated slow-release urea showed lower (p = 0.02) urinary N and blood urea concentration compared to FGU. Exp 2: Urea sources decreased (p = 0.01) the ADG in relation to CON. Animals fed urea sources at 10 g/kg DM showed higher (12.33%, p = 0.01) ADG compared to those fed urea at 20 g/kg DM. Conclusion: Feeding urea decreased the nutrient intake without largely affected the nutrient digestibility. In addition, polymer-coated slow-release urea sources decreased ruminal ammonia concentration and increased ruminal propionate production. Urea at 20 g/kg DM, regardless of source, decreased ADG compared both to CON and diets with urea at 10 g/kg DM.

Keywords

References

  1. Sinclair LA, Blake CW, Griffin P, Jones GH. The partial replacement of soybean meal and rapeseed meal with feed grade urea or a slow-release urea and its effect on the performance and metabolism and digestibility in dairy cows. Animal 2012;6:920-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111002485
  2. Ayasan T. Importance of milk urea nitrogen of dairy cow nutrition. J Agric Fac Gaziosmanpasa Univ 2009;26:27-33.
  3. Galo E, Emanuele SM, Sniffen CJ, White JH, Knapp JR. Effects of a polymer coated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2003;86:2154-62. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73805-3
  4. Reynolds CK, Kristensen NB. Nitrogen recycling through the gut and the nitrogen economy of ruminants: An asynchronous symbiosis. J Anim Sci 2008;86:E293-E305. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0475
  5. Taylor-Edwards CC, Elam NA, Kitts SE et al. Influence of slowrelease urea on nitrogen balance and portal drained visceral nutrient flux in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2009;87:209-21. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0913
  6. Cherdthong A, Wanapat M, Wachipakorn C. Effects of urea-calcium mixture in concentrate containing high cassava chip on feed intake, rumen fermentation and performance of lactating dairy cows fed on rice straw. Livest Sci 2011;136:76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.08.002
  7. Russell JB, O'Connor JD, Fox DG, Van Soest PJ, Sniffen CJ. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J Anim Sci 1992;70:3551-61. https://doi.org/10.2527/1992.70113551x
  8. Pinos-Rodriguez JM, Pena LY, Gonzalez-Munoz SS, Barcena R, Salem A. Effects of a slow-release coated urea product on growth performance and ruminal fermentation in beef steers. Ital J Anim Sci 2010;9:e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2010.e4
  9. Calomeni GD, Gardinal R, Venturelli BC et al. Effects of polymercoated slow-release urea on performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites in dairy cows. R Bras Zootec 2015;44:327-34. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902015000900004
  10. Valadares Filho SC, Broderick GA, Valadares RFD, Clayton MK. Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on nutrient utilization and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2000;83:106-14. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74861-2
  11. NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. 7th rev. edn. Washington, DC: National Academies Press;2000.
  12. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) International. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th edn. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, USA; 2000.
  13. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  14. Casali AO, Detmann E, Valadares Filho SC. Influence of incubation time and particles size on indigestible compounds contents in cattle feeds and feces obtained by in situ procedures. R Bras Zootec 2008;37:335-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982008000200021
  15. Vendramini THA, Takiya CS, Silva TH. Effects of a blend of essential oils, chitosan or monensin on nutrient intake and digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;214:12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.015
  16. Broderick GA, Kang JH. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci 1980;63:64-75. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8
  17. Fujihara T, Orskov ER, Reeds PJ, Kyle DJ. The effect of protein infusion on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in ruminants nourished by intragastric nutrition. J Agric Sci 1987;109:7-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600080916
  18. Chen XB, Gomes MJ. Estimation of Microbial Protein Supply to Sheep and Cattle Based on Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives - An Overview of Technical Details. Occasional Publication. Bucksburnd, Aberdeen, UK: International Feed Researches Unit, Rowett Research Institute;1992.
  19. Valadares RFD, Broderick GA, Valadares Filho SC, Clayton MK. Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives. J Dairy Sci 1999;82:2686-96. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75525-6
  20. Machado Neto OR, Ladeira MM, Chizzotti ML et al. Performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic analysis of feedlot of young bulls fed oilseeds with and without supplementation of vitamin E. R Bras Zootec 2012;41:1756-63. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982012000700027
  21. Xin HS, Schaefer DM, Liu QP, Axe DE, Meng QX. Effects of polyurethane coated urea supplement on in vitro ruminal fermentation, ammonia release dynamics and lactating performance of Holstein dairy cows fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2010;23:491-500. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90153
  22. Santiago BT, Villela SDJ, Leonel FP. Slow-release urea in diets for lactating crossbred cows. R Bras Zootec 2015;44:193-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902015000500005
  23. Wilson G, Martz FA, Campbell JR, Becker BA. Evaluation of factors responsible for reduced voluntary intake of urea diets for ruminants. J Anim Sci 1975;41:1431-7. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1975.4151431x
  24. Renno LN, Valadares Filho SC, Valadares RFD et al. Effects of feeding dietary urea levels on intake and total digestibility for steers of four genetic groups. R Bras Zootec 2015;34:1775-85.
  25. Highstreet A, Robinson PH, Robinson J, Garret JG. Response of Holstein cows to replacing urea with a slowly rumen released urea in a diet high in soluble crude protein. Livest Sci 2010;129:179-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.01.022
  26. Leng RA. Factors affecting the utilization of ‘poor-quality’ forages by ruminants particularly under tropical conditions. Nutr Res Rev 1990;3:277-303. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19900016
  27. Underwood EJ, Suttle NF. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. 3rd edn. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, CAB International;1999.
  28. Gardinal R, Gandra JR, Calomeni GD et al. Effects of polymer coated slow-release urea on ruminal fermentation and nutrient total tract digestion of beef steers. R Bras Zootec 2016;45:63-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902016000200004
  29. Benedeti PDB, Paulino PVR, Marcondes MI et al. Soybean meal replaced by slow release urea in finishing diets for beef cattle. Livest Sci 2014;165:51-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.027
  30. Sinclair LA, Huntington JA, Wilde D. Partial replacement of soyabean meal and rapeseed meal with a slow release urea source (Optigen) and its effect on microbial growth and metabolism in vitro. Scarborough, UK: British Society of Animal Science. Annual Meeting; 2008. p. 228.
  31. Holder VB, El-Kadi SW, Tricarico JM, Vanzant ES, Mcleod KR, Harmon DL. The effects of crude protein concentration and slow release urea on nitrogen metabolism in Holstein steers. Arch Anim Nutr 2013;67:93-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2013.773647
  32. Alvarez Almora EG, Huntington GB, Burns JC. Effects of supplemental urea sources and feeding frequency on ruminal fermentation, fiber digestion, and nitrogen balance in beef steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012;171:136-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.10.012
  33. Taylor-Edwards CC, Hibbard G, Kitts SE et al. Effects of slow-release urea on ruminal digesta characteristics and growth performance in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2009;87:200-8. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0912
  34. Tedeschi LO, Baker MJ, Ketchen DJ, Fox DG. Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-release urea product and urea. Can. J Anim Sci 2002;82:567-73. https://doi.org/10.4141/A02-018
  35. Bourg BM, Tedeschi LO, Wickersham TA, Tricarico JM. Effects of a slow-release urea product on performance, carcass characteristics, and nitrogen balance of steers fed steam-flaked corn. J Anim Sci 2012;90:3914-23. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4832

Cited by

  1. Effects of dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio on nutrient digestibility and enteric methane production in growing goats (Capra hircus hircus) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum) vol.30, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0954
  2. Assessment of eco-sustainability vis-à-vis zoo-technical attributes of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with varying levels of coated urea in Nellore sheep (Ovis aries) vol.14, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220252
  3. Effect of soybean meal replacement by slow-release urea on ruminal parameter, blood metabolites, and microbial protein synthesis in Zel ram vol.43, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48684