Computers and Concrete

  • 제19권1호
  • /
  • Pages.99-110
  • /
  • 2017
  • /
  • 1598-8198(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-818X(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of normal load on the crack propagation from pre-existing joints using Particle Flow Code (PFC)

  • Haeri, Hadi (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Bafgh Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Sarfarazi, Vahab (Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology) ;
  • Zhu, Zheming (College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University)
  • 투고 : 2016.05.03
  • 심사 : 2016.10.28
  • 발행 : 2017.01.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this paper, the effect of normal load on the failure mechanism of echelon joint has been studied using PFC2D. In the first step, calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to the data obtained from experimental laboratory tests. Then, six different models consisting various echelon joint were prepared and tested under two low and high normal loads. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models were cross checked with the results of direct shear tests performed on non-persistent jointed physical models. The simulations demonstrated that failure patterns were mostly influenced by normal loading, while the shear strength was linked to failure mechanism. When ligament angle is less than $90^{\circ}$, the stable crack growth length is increased by increasing the normal loading. In this condition, fish eyes failure pattern occur in rock bridge. With higher ligament angles, the rock bridge was broken under high normal loading. Applying higher normal loading increases the number of fracture sets while dilation angle and mean orientations of fracture sets with respect to ligament direction will be decreased.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bahaaddini, M., Sharrock, G. and Hebblewhite, B.K. (2013), "Numerical investigation of the effect of joint geometrical parameters on the mechanical properties of a non-persistent jointed rock mass under uniaxial compression", Comput. Geotech., 49, 206-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.10.012
  2. Bazant, Z.P., Tabbara, M.R., Kazemi, M.T. and Gilles, P.C. (1990), "Random particle model for fracture of aggregate or fiber composites", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 116(8), 1686-1705. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1990)116:8(1686)
  3. Bobet, A. and Einstein, H.H. (1998), "Fracture coalescence in rock-type materials under uniaxial and biaxial compression", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 35(7), 863-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(98)00005-9
  4. Cho, N., Martin, C.D. and Sego, D.C. (2007), "A clumped particle model for rock", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 44(7), 997-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.02.002
  5. Cho, N., Martin, C.D. and Sego, D.C. (2008), "Development of a shear zone in brittle rock subjected to direct shear", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 45(8), 1335-1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.01.019
  6. Gehle, C. and Kutter, H.K. (2003), "Breakage and shear behavior of intermittent rock joints", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 40(5), 687-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(03)00060-1
  7. Ghazvinian, A., Nikudel, M.R. and Sarfarazi, V. (2007), Effect of Rock Bridge Continuity and Area on Shear Behavior of Joints, 11th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal.
  8. Ghazvinian, A., Sarfarazi, V., Schubert, W. and Blumel, M. (2012), "A study of the failure mechanism of planar nonpersistent open joints using PFC2D", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45(5), 677-693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0233-2
  9. Haeri, H. (2011), "Numerical modeling of the interaction between micro and macro cracks in the rock fracture mechanism using displacement discontinuity method", Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
  10. Haeri, H. (2015d), "Propagation mechanism of neighboring cracks in rock-like cylindrical specimens under uniaxial compression", J. Min. Sci., 51(3), 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739115030096
  11. Haeri, H. (2015e), "Influence of the inclined edge notches on the shear-fracture behavior in edge-notched beam specimens", Comput. Concrete, 16(4), 605-623. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.4.605
  12. Haeri, H. (2015f), "Experimental crack analysis of rock-like CSCBD specimens using a higher order DDM", Comput. Concrete, 16(6), 881-896. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.6.881
  13. Haeri, H. and Ahranjani, A.K. (2012), "A fuzzy logic model to Predict crack propagation angle under Disc Cutters of TBM", J. Academic Res., 4(3), 156-169.
  14. Haeri, H. and Sarfarazi, V. (2016), "The effect of micro pore on the characteristics of crack tip plastic zone in concrete", Comput. Concrete, 17(1), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.1.107
  15. Haeri, H., Khaloo, K. and Marji, M.F. (2015b), "Experimental and numerical analysis of Brazilian discs with multiple parallel cracks", Arabian J. Geosci., 8(8), 5897-5908 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1598-1
  16. Haeri, H., Marji, M.F. and Shahriar, K. (2015a), "Simulating the effect of disc erosion in TBM disc cutters by a semi-infinite DDM", Arabian J. Geosci., 8(6), 3915-3927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1489-5
  17. Haeri, H., Shahriar, K., Marji, M.F. and Moarefvand, P. (2013a), "Modeling the propagation mechanism of two random micro cracks in rock samples under uniform tensile loading", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Fracture, China.
  18. Haeri, H., Shahriar, K., Marji, M.F. and Moarefvand, P. (2013b), "Simulating the bluntness of TBM disc cutters in rocks using displacement discontinuity method", Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Fracture, China.
  19. Haeri, H., Shahriar, K., Marji, M.F. and Moarefvand, P. (2014a), "On the cracks coalescence mechanism and cracks propagation paths in rock-like specimens containing pre-existing random cracks under compression", J. Central South Univ., 21(6), 2404-2414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2194-y
  20. Haeri, H., Shahriar, K., Marji, M.F. and Moarefvand, P. (2014b), "Investigating the fracturing process of rock-like Brazilian discs containing three parallel cracks under compressive line loading", Strength Mater., 46(3), 133-148.
  21. Haeri, H., Shahriar, K., Marji, M.F. and Moarefvand, P. (2015c), "The HDD analysis of micro cracks initiation, propagation and coalescence in brittle substances", Arabian J. Geosci., 8(5), 2841-2852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1290-5
  22. Itasca Consulting Group Inc (2004), "Particle flow code in 2-dimensions (PFC2D)", Minneapolis
  23. Jaeger, J.C. (1971), "Friction of rocks and stability of rock slopes", Geotech., 21(2), 97-134. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1971.21.2.97
  24. Jiang, S., Du, C. and Gu, C. (2014), "An investigation into the effects of voids, inclusions and minor cracks on major crack propagation by using XFEM", Struct. Eng. Mech., 49(5), 597-618. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.49.5.597
  25. Kumar, S. and Barai, S.V. (2012), "Size-effect of fracture parameters for crack propagation in concrete: A comparative study", Comput. Concrete, 9(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2012.9.1.001
  26. Li, Y.P., Chen, L.Z. and Wang, Y.H. (2005), "Experimental research on pre-cracked marble", J. Solid. Struct., 42(9), 2505-2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.09.033
  27. Mohamed, A.R. and Hansen, W. (1999), "Micromechanical modelling of concrete response under static loading-Part I: Model development and validation", ACI Mater. J., 96(2), 196-203.
  28. Mughieda, O. and Alzo'ubi, A.K. (2004), "Fracture mechanisms of offset rock joints-A laboratory investigation", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 22(4), 545-562. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GEGE.0000047045.89857.06
  29. Mughieda, O. and Karasneh, I. (2006), "Coalescence of offset rock joints under biaxial loading", Geotech. Geol. Eng., 24(4), 985-999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-8352-0
  30. Mughieda, O.S. and Khawaldeh, I. (2004), "Scale effect on engineering properties of open non-persistent rock joints under uniaxial loading", Proceedings of the 7th Regional Rock Mechanics Symposium, Sivas, Turkey.
  31. Olson, J.E. and Pollard, D.D. (1991), "The initiation and growth of en-echelon veins", J. Struct. Geol., 13(5), 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(91)90046-L
  32. Potyondy, D.O. and Cundall, P.A. (2004), "A bonded-particle model for rock", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41(8), 1329-1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.011
  33. Sagong, M. and Bobet, A. (2002), "Coalescence of multiple flaws in a rock model material in uniaxial compression", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 39(2), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00027-8
  34. Sarfarazi, V., Ghazvinian, A., Schubert, W., Blumel, M. and Nejati, H.R. (2014), "Numerical simulation of the process of fracture of echelon rock joints", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 47(4), 1355-1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0450-3
  35. Sarfarazi, V., Haeri, H. and Khaloo, A. (2016), "The effect of nonpersistent joints on sliding direction of rock slopes", Comput. Concrete, 17(6), 723-737. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.6.723
  36. Vonk, R.A., Rutten, H.S., Van Mier, J.G.M. and Funeman, H.J. (1991), "Micromechanical simulation of concrete softening", Proceedings of the International RILEM/ESIS Conference Fracture Processes in Concrete, Rock and Ceramics, E. & FN, London.
  37. Wasantha, P.L.P., Ranjith, P.G. and Shao, S.S. (2014b), "Energy monitoring and analysis during deformation of bedded sandstone: Use of acoustic emission", Ultras., 54(1), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2013.06.015
  38. Wong, R.H.C. and Chau, K.T. (1998), "Crack coalescence in a rock-like material containing two cracks", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 35(2), 147-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00303-3
  39. Wong, R.H.C., Chau, K.T., Tang, C.A. and Lin, P. (2001), "Analysis of crack coalescence in rock-like materials containing three flaws-Part I: Experimental approach", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 38(7), 909-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(01)00064-8
  40. Xie, Z., Peng, F. and Zhao, T. (2014), "Experimental study on fatigue crack propagation of fiber metal laminates", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(2), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.2.145
  41. Yang, S.Q., Dai, Y.H., Han, L.J. and Jin, Z.Q. (2009), "Experimental study on mechanical behavior of brittle marble samples containing different flaws under uniaxial compression", Eng. Fract. Mech., 76(12), 1833-1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.04.005
  42. Yang, S.Q., Jiang, Y.Z., Xu, W.Y. and Chen, X.Q. (2008), "Experimental investigation on strength and failure behavior of pre-cracked marble under conventional triaxial compression", J. Sol. Struct., 45(17), 4796-4819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.04.023
  43. Zhang, H.Q., Zhao, Z.Y., Tang, C.A. and Song, L. (2006), "Numerical study of shear behavior of intermittent rock joints with different geometrical parameters", J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 43(5), 802-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.12.006
  44. Zhang, X.P. and Wong, L.N.Y. (2012), "Cracking process in rocklike material containing a single flaw under uniaxial compression: A numerical study based on parallel bondedparticle model approach", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 45(5), 711-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0176-z
  45. Zhang, X.P. and Wong, R.H.C. (2013), "Crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in rock-like material containing two flaws: A numerical study based on bonded-particle model approach", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 46(5), 1001-1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0323-1
  46. Zhao, Y.H., Liang, H.H., Huang, J.F., Geng, J.D. and Wang, R. (1995), "Development of subcracks between en echelon fractures in rock plates", Pure Appl. Geophys., 145, 759-773. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879599

피인용 문헌

  1. Numerical Research on Energy Evolution and Burst Behavior of Unloading Coal–Rock Composite Structures pp.1573-1529, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0609-5
  2. Theoretical and numerical analysis of stress and stress intensity factor in bi-material vol.10, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-08-2018-0048
  3. Intelligent Classification Method for Tunnel Lining Cracks Based on PFC-BP Neural Network vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8838216
  4. Development of Crack Width Prediction Models for RC Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Lateral Cyclic Loading Using Machine Learning vol.11, pp.16, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167700