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미생물 발효 쌀 배아의 품질특성 및 생리활성

Biological Activities and Quality Characteristics of Rice Germ after Microbial Fermentation

  • 송효남 (세명대학교 한방바이오융합과학부 식품영양전공) ;
  • 이연리 (대전보건대학교 식품영양과)
  • Song, Hyo-Nam (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Semyung University) ;
  • Lee, Youn Ri (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon Health Institude of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2016.11.30
  • 심사 : 2017.01.12
  • 발행 : 2017.02.28

초록

쌀 배아의 활용가능성을 높이기 위한 기초연구로서 미생물을 이용하여 발효 쌀 배아를 제조한 후 품질특성과 생리활성을 분석하였다. 대조군인 왕겨와 쌀 배아 30% 및 70% 함유시료를 Bacillus 속의 발효균으로 발효시켰다. 일반성분 분석결과, 쌀 배아 함량이 증가할수록 조단백질 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였고, 발효 전에 비해 발효 후에 유의적으로 높았다. 수분함량은 발효 후 현저히 감소하였다. 발효 후 pH는 5.83~6.26에서 4.77~4.93으로 급격히 감소하였고, 총산도는 증가하였다. 총고형분 함량은 $0.40{\sim}0.87^{\circ}Bx$에서 발효 후 $1.63{\sim}2.20^{\circ}Bx$로 증가하였고, 총당 함량은 377.56~450.64 mg/mL에서 136.81~151.53 mg/mL로 감소하였다. 발효 전 후 폴리페놀 함량은 대조군이 0.59 및 0.73 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았고 쌀 배아 30% 및 70% 함유시료는 발효 전 각각 0.26 및 0.28 mg GAE/g에서 발효 후 0.52 및 0.70 mg GAE/g과 같이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 플라보노이드 함량은 시료별 및 발효 전 후의 차이가 미미한 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 자유라디칼에 대한 전자공여능을 분석한 결과, 대조군의 $IC_{50}$은 가장 낮았으며, 발효 전 3.77 mg/mL에서 발효 후 3.36 mg/mL로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 쌀 배아 30% 함유시료는 발효 전 후 각각 6.05 및 3.90 mg/mL로 나타났고, 70% 함유시료는 각각 10.52 및 6.58 mg/mL와 같이 발효 후 유의적으로 감소하였다. 대조군의 xanthine oxidase 저해활성은 발효 전 59.65%에서 발효 후 63.69%로 증가하였으며, 모든 시료 중 가장 높았다. 쌀 배아 30% 및 70% 함유시료는 발효 전 각각 43.12% 및 49.81%에서 발효 후 51.32% 및 59.32%로 유의적으로 활성이 증가하였다. ACE 저해활성은 대조군이 발효 전 후에 가장 높아 36.11%에서 40.51%로 증가하였다. 쌀 배아 30% 함유시료는 14.79%에서 22.69%로 활성이 증가하였고, 70% 함유시료는 28.54%에서 33.91%로 유의적으로 증가하였다. 종합적으로 쌀 배아의 함량이 증가할수록 단백질 함량은 증가하고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, XO 및 ACE 저해활성은 낮아지나, 미생물 발효에 의해 이와 같은 생리활성이 증진되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 미생물 발효는 향후 쌀 배아의 이용가능성 증진에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics and biological activities of rice germ fermented by Bacillus spp. During the milling process, the contents of rice germ in the rice bran (Control) were adjusted to 30% (RG30) and 70% (RG70). The approximate composition, pH, total acidity, total soluble solid, total sugar, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured. DPPH radical scavenging activity, xanthine oxidase (XO) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities were also determined. We observed that the moisture content decreased after fermentation, while the crude protein was significantly increased. Fermentation remarkably lowered the pH from 5.83~6.26 to 4.77~4.93, thereby elevating the total acidity. Fermentation also increased the total solid contents, from $0.40{\sim}0.87^{\circ}Bx$ to $1.63{\sim}2.20^{\circ}Bx$. The total sugar decreased to 136.81~151.53 mg/mL from 377.56~450.64 mg/mL. Polyphenol contents were the highest in control (0.59 and 0.73 mg/mL before and after fermentation, respectively). Fermentation significantly affected the increase of the polyphenols in both rice germ 30% and 70% samples, from 0.26 and 0.28 mg GAE/g before fermentation, to 0.52 and 0.70 mg GAE/g after fermentation, respectively. There was a slight increase in the flavonoid contents after fermentation. The $IC_{50}$ value of the electron donating ability, as evaluated by the DPPH method, was the lowest in control (3.77 and 3.36 mg/mL before and after fermentation, respectively). Fermentation increased the XO inhibition activity up to 63.69% in control, 49.81% in rice germ 30%, and 59.32% in rice germ 70%. The ACE inhibition activities were also increased in the fermented control, rice germ 30% and 70%, to 40.51%, 22.69% and 33.91%, respectively.

키워드

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